Industrialization and Globalization of Agriculture

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Industrialization and Globalization of Agriculture

• Sara Guthrie
• Kristin Hilt
• Dan Graybill
• Rachel Darling

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Introduction
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For centuries, farmers focused on their local
communities

• Accountability
• Responsibility
• Balance between regional fish, fowl and other
  wild creatures

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Global conversion to an industrial agriculture
system has resulted in

• Acceleration of environmental destruction
• Farmers and livelihoods disappearing
• Increased hunger
• Compromised nutrition and safety of food

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Change in market Change in land and its
inhabitants Pollution Transport has negative
affects Spread of exotic species and
diseases Communities to corporation Biopollution

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Promotion of industry

• World Bank
• IMF International Monetary Fund
• WTO World Trade Organization
• NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
• FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas

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The Global Takeover of Industrial Agriculture

• The Green Revolution

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The Slave Trade

• European colonization
• Produce and extract raw materials
• Supply need of colonizing nations
• Required importing cheap labor resource

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Change Growth

• Farm-produced replaced by off-the-farm-produced
• Machines replaced human labor
• high yield hybrids developed
• Chemicals and pesticides
• Required more water
• Large dams, re-routed rivers

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• Increase in use of Energy
• Ecological respect, diversity and self-reliance
  replaced by subjugation, conquest, uniformity and
  dependence.
• This Green Revolution spread throughout the
  globe.

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• Monoculture or monocropping instead of
  intercropping
• Decreased soil quality
• Eliminated plant diversity

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A Global Crisis!

• Local crops replaced!
• Livelihoods displaced!
• Hungry people!
• Ecological crises!
• Depleted soils!
• Overused water resources!
• Disturbed insect and animal lives!
• Poor air quality!
• Political and social conflicts!
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International Institutions and Agreements

• Debi Barker gives us evidence that international
  agreements on agriculture often harm local
  agricultural systems and environment

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Examples

• 1994 General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade
  (GATT)
• 1994 NAFTA
• WTO
• IMF

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NAFTA, Corn, and the Environment

• 1.3 increase in corn exports to Mexico
• Corn Production relies Heavily on Fertilizers,
  and Herbicides
• From Alejandro Nadal and Timothy A. Wise The
  Environmental Costs of Agricultural Trade
  Liberalization Mexico-U.S. Maize Trade Under
  NAFTA Discussion Paper Number 4 Working Group
  on Development and Environment in the Americas

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The Hidden Hazards of Global Food Transport

• Debi Barker claims that the globalization of food
  production has many negative impacts on the
  environment and human health.

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Examples

• Emissions produced by shipping
• Bunker C
• Spread of diseases
• Foot and Mouth disease in Europe
• Increased need for packaging

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A More Rational Approach

• Investigate Locally and Globally
• Act towards energy efficiency and low
  environmental impacts
• Not look for short term monetary gains

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Nature as a Corporate Free-For-All

• BAD TRIPS

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Bad TRIPS

• TRIPS Its an agreement on the Trade
• related aspects of Intellectual Property that
• affects the agriculture and our environment.
• Intellectual property rights are the rights given
  to people over the creations of their minds.

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The WTO

• All life forms and resources can be turned into
  commodities that would be readily available for
  corporations.
• -The TRIPS agreement requires all WTO members
  to adopt their own system of intellectual
  property rights.

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Biotech Foods

• Extending Global Control over Farmers and Seeds

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What it Takes for Agribusiness to Grow?

• It needs to control the biology of scientific
  agriculture
• It ensures that control is being maintained by
  corporations.

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Discoveries

• (From medicine to agriculture, these discoveries
  have helped in
• various
  ways)
• Helping doctors treat the sick.
• Farmers are protecting their crops

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Breaking The Global System

• Alternative Models To Industrial Agriculture

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The Many Movements

• Non-Government organizations (NGOs)
• Citizen involvement