Diseases of Poultry II'

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Diseases of Poultry II.

• DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ
• Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest
• Department of Poultry Pathology

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ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION

• At the farm before transportation to the
  slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined
  by veterinarian.
• A certificate must be composed on the results of
  this inspection and the pre-life of the flock.
• If the certificate is available and it is
  negative and it does not indicate the necessity
  of special measures, the ante mortem inspection
  at the slaughterhouse will include the
  identification of transported flock and control
  of injuries took place during transportation,
  furthermore the examination of dead birds.
• Based on these data and examinations the
  veterinarian decides whether the flock will be
  submitted to normal or special slaughter or
  further special examination.

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Notifiable Diseases

• Former O.I.E. list A
• Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
• Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
• Duck plaque (Herpesvirus)

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Viral Diseases

• Newcastle disease
• Avian influenza
• Fowl pox
• Infectious bronchitis
• Infectious laryngotracheitis
• Infectious bursitis
• Marek's disease

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Newcastle disease

• Notifiable disease !
• Avian paramyxovirus (serotype 1, 8 genotypes)
• different pathogenity (v, m, l, a)
• chicken, pheasant, turkey, pigeon, wild birds
  (water fowl)
• Sensitivity 56 C - 3 min pH 3 - 3 min
  disinfectant

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• Clinical signs respiratory disease
  enteritisnervous signs marked drop in egg
  production
• Pathology
• haemorrhages on seromembranes, on
  mucosal membranes (proventriculi, small
  intestine, caeca, -lymphoid tonsils -,
  trachea, pharynx)
• enteritidis
• diphtheriod inflammation on lymphoid tonsils
  on pharynx

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Newcastle disease(Mareks disease,
Pasteurellosis)
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Haemorrhages in proventriculi
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• Isolation of virus (pathogenicity)
• Prevention / Vaccination
• Differential diagnosis (septicaemia, CRD, IBD
  (bursitis) , ILT (laryngotracheitis), IB
  (bronchitis), Fowl pox, pneumovirus, coccidiosis,
  mycotoxicosis)

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• if NDV is observed on the farm
• Depopulation of infected flocks may take place
  using the following methods/drugs/systems
• Electronarcosis by water dipping
• Decapitation and dislocation of the neck
• Gassing with carbon dioxide
• Vacuum tank
• if NDV is observed in the slaughterhouse
  everything is condemned, and everything has to be
  desinfected

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Fowl pox

• Poxviridae, Avipox
• Sensitivity 50C heating 30 min 60C
  8 min in dry scabs for
  months/years pH 5-9 resistant

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• cutaneous form nodular (proliferative) lesions
  on the comb, wattle, eyelids, other non feathered
  areas
• diphtheroid form nodules on mucosal membranes
  of pharynx, trachea, oesophagus
• special histopathological changes (cytoplasmic
  inclusion body)

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Chronic conjunctivitis, diphteroid form
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Chonic laryngitis, diphteroid form
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Infectious Laryngotracheitis

• Herpesvirus
• Sensitivity mild (halogen-detergents
  iodophors, heating, freezing (-18, -25 C !)
• Acute respiratory disease
• ConjunctivitisLaryngitisTracheitis(Histopatholo
  gy intranuclear inclusion body in epithelial
  cells by 3 day PI)

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Swollen head(laryngotracheitis, mycoplasmosis)
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Laryngs(left - normal) (medium - hyperemic)
(right - fibrin)
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Infectious bronchitis

• Coronavirus
• Sensitivity 56C 15 min at room temperature
  2-3 days common detergents destroy
• Pathology acute catarrhal tracheitis,
  bronchitis sinusitis, air sacculitis
  local pneumonia
• nephritis, salpingitis (eggs !)

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Uricosis (heart) and salpingitis
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Uricosis (ureter) and salpingitis,
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Infectious bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease)

• Birnavirus
• bursa Fabricii (B lymphoid cells)immunsuppression
  !
• Sensitivity very stabile virus! 60-70C -30
  min 0.5 chloramines 10 min invert soap
  0,05 sodium hydroxide

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• Pathology haemorrhages in muscles (legs,
  breast) on mucosal membrane of proventriculi
  on lymphoid tissues of intestineoedema and
  haemorrhageous inflammation of bursa Fabricii
• Diff. diagnosis Newcastle disease mycotoxicosi
  s
• Prevention vaccination, hygiene

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Upper Haemorrhages in muscleBelow Bursa
fabricii
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Mareks Disease

• Herpesvirus (cell-associated virus)
• Sensitivity ?
• Pathogenityclassical form (lesions in
  peripheral nerves)tumoral form (lymphoid
  tumors in different organs or in
  skin)transient paralysis
• Differential diagnosis Newcastle
  diseaseleucosistumors

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Transient paralysis
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Lymphoid tumors in the skin
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Lymphoid tumors in the liver
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Lymphoid tumors in the liver
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Parasites / ProtozoaCoccidiosis

• Eimeria tenellaEimeria necatrixEimeria
  acervulinaEimeria truncata
• Chicken, turkeygeese
• Anticoccidial drugs /vaccination
• immunsuppressive diseases (Mareks disease, CAV,
  Gumboro disease, Reo, mycotoxines)

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• Haemorrhagic enteritis (clotted blood -
  fibrinous inflammation)in caecumin small
  intestines
• renal coccidiosis (enlarged, yellow-greyish
  kidneys)

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Caeca
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Fungal infectionsAspergillosis

• Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus
  flavusPenicilliumMucor
• Respiratory diseasepneumonia (granulomes)air
  sacculitis, peritonitis
• Litter, feed (toxins)
• (Antibiotics are contraindicated!)

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Colonies of moulds
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• In these cases poultry meat is partially
  condemned for human consumption
• (the affected areas are condemned
• - parenchymal organs
• intestines
• skin muscles /breast, legs/ )