Building A Better Heart Second Chance: artificial heart

1
Building A Better HeartSecond Chance artificial
heart
Qing YeDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery Ren
Ji Hospital
2
Milestones in artificial heart

• 1953, a heart-lung machine designed by Dr. John
• Gibbon is used in a successful open-heart
  surgery,
• demonstrating that an artificial device can
• temporarily mimic the functions of the heart
• 1955, a team of scientists led by Willem Kolff,
• tested their model in animals

3

• 1964, the National Heart, Lung and Blood
• Institute sets a goal of designing a total
  artificial
• heart by 1970

• 1966, Dr. Michael
• DeBakey of Houston
• successfully implants a
• partial artificial heart

4

• 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first
  successful
• human heart transplant. The patients,
  53-year-old dentist
• Louis Washkansky, dies 18 days after surgery
  in South
• African

5

• In 1969, a team led by
• Denton Cooley of the
• Texas Heart Institute
• successfully kept a human
• patient alive for more than
• sixty hours with their
• model (temporary). The
• patient gets a heart
• transplant three days later
• but then dies 1 ½ days
• afterward

6

• In 1982, a team led by William DeVries of the
  University
• of Utah implanted the Jarvik-7 into a patient
  named
• Barney Clark, who survived with Jarvik-7 for
  112 days
• 1982-1985, Dr. William DeVries carries out a
  series of
• five implants of the Jarvik total artificial
  heart
• William Schroeder, lived 620 days, dying in
• August 1986 at age 54

7

• 1994, the Food and Drug Administration approves
  the Left Ventricular Assist Device, which helps
  failing hearts continue to function
• 2000, A man in Isreal becomes the first
  recipient of the Jarvik 2000, the first total
  artificial heart that can maintain blood flow in
  addition to generating a pulse
• 2001, doctors at Jewish Hospital in Louisville,
  Ky., implant the first self-contained, mechanical
  heart replacement into a patient
• Two recipient Robert Tools Tom Christerson

8
Robert Jarvik

• He was born in Michigan
• on May 11, 1946
• In 1964, his father became
• ill with heart disease and
• had to have open heart
• surgery

9
Robert Jarvik

• Jarvik became very interested in medicine at
  that point and began to think about possible
  designs for artificial hearts that could help
  people like his father
• He invented Jarvik-7 and Jarvik-2000

10
Jarvik-7
Jarvik 2000
11
Prof. Willem J Kolff

• He was born in Leiden,
• Netherlands
• Graduated from the
• University of Leiden
• In 1955, he implanted an
• artificial heart into a dog
• Tutor of Dr. Robert
• Jarvik
• 1981, he applied to FDA

12
Dr. William deVries

• An American cardiothoracic
• surgeon
• Receiving his MD degree from the University of
  Utah in 1970
• As a resident in cardiovascular/
• thoracic surgery at Duke University Medical
  Center
• Assistant professor of surgery at the University
  of Utah until 1984

13
Dr. William deVries

• Since 1984, he has been
• director of the artificial heart
• project of the Humana Hospital
• Audubon in Louisville,
• Kentucky
• Performed the first successful
• permanent artificial heart
• implant for Barney Clark by
• using an artificial device
• designed by Dr. Robert Jarvik

14
Dr. Barney Clark

• An 61year old retired
• dentist from Seattle
• First recipient of the
• man-made artificial
• heart on Dec 1, 1982 at
• the Utah Medical
• Center

15
Dr. Barney Clark

• Six years before the transplant,
• he had contracted a mysterious
• viral infection, which made his
• cardiac muscle flabby, weak
• and swollen from a lack of
• blood flow
• Because of hypertension and
• his age, he was not an
• acceptable candidate at any
• heart transplantation center

16
Dr. Barney Clark

• He was introduced by his private doctor to Dr.
  Willim
• DeVries
• The meeting included visits to laboratories
  where the
• Jarvik-7 was manufactured and the animal barn
  where
• they observed calves/sheep with similar heart
  implants
• He was given an 11-page consent form
• There was no guarantee that the operation would
• increase Clarks life span, no guarantee he
  would regain
• his independence

17
Dr. Barney Clark

• The consent form stated I recognize that if the
  artificial heart device fails, death or serious
  injury is the near certain result. I nevertheless
  accept the risk of substantial and serious harm,
  including death, implementation of the artificial
  heart device can be demonstrated

18
Dr. Barney Clark

• He signed a consent form on Nov
• 30, 1982 at 952 p.m after being
• interviewed by six members of a
• special heart subcommittee at
• University of Utah Medical Center
• The surgery was scheduled at the
• morning of Dec 2, 1982
• However, he was immediately
• rushed into the operating
• room because of his deteriorating
• heart on Dec 1, 1982 at 1030 p.m.

19
Dr. Barney Clark

• He survived with Jarvik-7 for
• 112 days
• A serious of complication
• led to Clarks death from
• circulatory and multi-organ
• collapse on March 23 at
• 1002 p.m.

20
Two recipients of AbiCor artificial heart

• Robert Tools, first recipient of AbiCor
  artificial heart was died five months after
  implantation, 2001

21
Two recipients of AbiCor artificial heart

• Tom Christerson, second recipient of AbiCor
  artificial heart are still alive for more than
  one year

22
Artificial hearts abandoned

• By the end of the 80s, the Jarvik devices had
  been
• implanted to sustain patients waiting for
  transplants
• Since then, development of an improved
  artificial heart
• has continued
• Scientists continue to work on designs for an
  artificial
• heart that could provide a realistic, permanent
  option for
• survival
• Jarvik is now working on the Jarvik 2000, a
  thumb-sized
• heart pump

23
Artificial hearts abandoned

• Universal infection
• Thromboembolism
• Total artificial heart may be better used as a
  bridge to transplantation

24
(No Transcript)
25
LVAD
26
Artificial heart