Lab

1
Lab 5 Cellular Structure

• Rachael Davis J. Ellen Lathrop-Davis

2
All Cell Structures

• Plasma Membrane
• Chromatin
• Ribosomes (polysomes)

3
Animal Cell Structures

• Nucleus
• Nuclear Membrane
• Chromatin
• Nucleoli
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough
• Smooth

4
Animal Cell Organelles

• Polysomes (free ribosomes)
• Golgi apparatus (complex)
• Lysosomes
• Centrioles

5
Animal Cell Organelles

• Vacuole
• Pinocytic vesicle
• Pinocytic passage
• Base substance (cytosol)

6
Plasma Membrane

• Function
• Regulate what goes into/out of the cell

• Structure
• Phospholipid bilayer with integral proteins
  embedded in it

www.rkm.com.au/CELL/ animal-cell-membrane.html
7
Chromatin

• Function
• Store DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

• Structure
• Squiggly stuff

http//www.the-scientist.com/yr2002/jan/profile1_0
20107.html
8
Polysomes (Free Ribosomes)

• Function
• Produce most of the intracellular proteins,
  proteins that are retained within the cell

• Structure
• Composed of RNA and protein
• Smallest organelle in the cell

www.rkm.com.au/CELL/organelles/ polysome.html
9
Nucleus

• Function
• Store genetic material

• Structure
• Spherical
• Contains chromatin and nucleoli

www.hon.ch/Library/Theme/Allergy/
Glossary/cell.html
10
Nuclear Membrane

• Function
• Separate the nucleus from the rest of the cell

• Structure
• Double membrane
• Protein pores

http//www.rkm.com.au/CELL/organelles/nucleus.html
11
Nucleoli

• Function
• Assembly of ribosomal subunits

• Structure
• Round

synapses.bu.edu/ atlas/1_2_1.stm
12
Mitochondria

• Function
• Aerobic production of ATP, the main energy
  source for cells, from various molecules

• Structure
• Has a double membrane
• Inner membrane has many folds on which the
  reactions occur
• Matrix contains enzymes for some reactions

www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/
pages/chloroplast.html
13
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Function
• Synthesis of proteins for export from cell or
  used in organelles or membranes

• Structure
• A series of membrane channels throughout the
  cell covered with ribosomes

www.rkm.com.au/CELL/organelles/ roughER.html
14
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Function
• Metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates
• Transports materials through the cell
• Stores chemicals and enzymes in some cells

• Structure
• A series of membrane channels throughout the
  cell without ribosomes

www.beyondbooks.com/ lif71/4d.asp
15
Golgi Apparatus

• Function
• Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes
  molecules made at one location of the cell and
  used at another

• Structure
• Looks like a flattened stack of membranes piled
  upon the other

gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/
BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html
16
Golgi Vesicle

• Function
• Transport proteins modified by the Golgi
  Apparatus

• Structure
• Circular or oval membrane-bound sac-like
  structures

library.thinkquest.org/C004535/
golgi_apparatus.html
17
Lysosomes

• Function
• Break down or digesting foreign material or
  organelles that have outlived their function
  within a cell

• Structure
• Small membrane-bordered structures that contain
  chemicals and enzymes necessary for digesting
  certain materials in the cell

www.ulb.ac.be/.../biodic/images/
cytoplasme/lysosomes.JPG
18
Centrioles

• Function
• Involved in mitosis, the division of the cell

• Structure
• Contains a microtubule protein called tublin
• Resembled an asteroid

www.microscopy.fsu.edu/cells/ animals/centrioles.h
tml
19
Vacuole

• Function
• Store materials such as water, salt and proteins

• Structure
• Saclike

www.usoe.k12.ut.us/.../7th/ cells/sciber/vacuole.h
tm
20
Pinocytic Vesicle

• Function
• Contain fluid usually with solute in it

• Structure
• Somewhat circular

www.bccmicro.com/.../ pinocytosis-smooth_muscle_w.
jpg.htm
21
Cytoplasmic Matrix (Base Substance)

• Function
• Everything else is in it

• Structure
• Mainly water, with solutes

www.esu10.k12.ne.us/ gibbon/animal.htm
22
Lab Experiment 5

• Plant Cell

23
Organelles

• Some are the same as in animal cells
• Plasma membrane, Rough ER, Smooth ER,
  Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, Nucleus, Nucleoli,
  Ribosomes (Polysomes), vacuoles
• Plants lack centrioles and lysosomes
• Plants have
• Chloroplasts
• Central vacuole
• Cell wall

24
Chloroplast

• Function
• Production of sugar (fructose ? glucose)

• Structure
• Membrane-bound organelle
• Stacks of internal membranes called grana

25
Central Vacuole

• Function
• Store water

• Structure
• Large, centrally-located membrane bound structure

26
Cell Wall

• Function
• Gives strength and support to outer wall of cell

• Structure
• Cellulose fibers

27
Dichotomous Keys

• Tool used to identify organisms
• Example (see p. 81)
• 1. White..2
• Colored..8
• 8. Green color9
• Color not green.25
• 9. Colony of many cells11
• Single, motile cell10