Air Force ISR and Cross Domain Dominance

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Air Force ISR and Cross Domain
Dominance

• Brig Gen Jan-Marc Jouas
• AF ISR Agency/CV

UNCLASSIFIED
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IT and ISR Synergy in Synapses
DATA
INFORMATION
INTELLIGENCE
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ISR Airmen Make it Happen
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But they need the right tools
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to get the job done.
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Overview

• TODAY
• TOMORROW
• TECHNOLOGY

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Todays Operational Environment

• We face adaptive, intelligent, determined
  adversaries
• ISR drives todays end game
• ISR capabilities are a clear US advantage, but
  these capabilities are increasingly known to our
  adversaries

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Today the View from the Chief

• Through technological advances and Airmens
  ingenuity, we can now surveil or strike any
  target anywhere on the face of the Earth, day or
  night, in any weather. A more challenging issue
  todayand for the futureis determining and
  locating the desired effect we want to achieve.
  Because ISR capabilities are at the core of
  determining these desired effects, ISR has never
  been more important during our 60 years as an
  independent service. ISR has become the
  foundation of Global Vigilance, Reach, and
  Power.
• Gen T. Michael Moseley

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Cold War Separatism

• Intelligence
• Integrated product of information from all
  sources
• Classic Collection, processing, analysis,
  dissemination
• Surveillance
• Systematic observation over an area of interest
• Classic Observe, ping with radar, plot, track
• Reconnaissance
• Collection of information of specific target
  areas
• Classic Photograph and interpret

Source Paraphrase of TC 34-50, Army Recce
Surv Handbook, January 1980
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Today More than the sum

• Intelligence
• is the product resulting from collection,
  processing, integration, analysis, evaluation,
  and interpretation of available information
• Surveillance
• is the systematic observation of aerospace,
  surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or
  things, by visual, aural, electronic,
  photographic, or other means
• Reconnaissance
• is a mission undertaken to obtain, by visual or
  other detection methods, information about the
  activities and resources of an enemy or potential
  enemy
• ISR
• is an activity that synchronizes and integrates
  the planning and operation of sensors, assets,
  processing, exploitation, and dissemination
  systems in direct support of current and future
  ops

Source JP 1-02, and AFDD 2-9 Jul 07
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Bottom Line

• Find, Fix, Target, Track, Engage, Assess
• Effects begin and end with ISR.
• All Domains Air, Space, Cyberspace
• ISR efforts today make up the vast majority of
  the operations required to achieve our security
  objectivesfrom finding the enemy, to
  deconstructing his network and his intentions, to
  putting weapons on target, to subsequently
  assessing the results.
• Lt Gen Dave Deptula, AF/A2

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Cyber Space

• A domain characterized by the use of electronics
  and the electromagnetic spectrum to store,
  modify, and exchange data via networked systems
  and associated infrastructures (DoD)

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AF ISR Today
HAF
AF/A2
AFIAA FOA
AF ISR Agency
AFCO
DET 2
SCE
NASIC
Under SCE Authority
AFTAC
70IW
AF ISR Agency/CC Air Force Service Cryptologic
Element
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AF ISR Agency -- Vision Mission
VISION Advocate and develop competencies vital
to sustaining full-spectrum Air, Space and
Cyberspace ISR capabilities for the warfighter
and the nation

• MISSION Organize, train, equip, and present
  assigned forces and capabilities to conduct
  intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
  for combatant commanders and the nation.
  Implement and oversee execution of HQ USAF/A2
  policy and guidance to expand Air Force ISR
  capabilities to meet current and future challenges

The Operational Arm of the DCS for ISR
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70th Intelligence Wing

• HQ at Fort Meade, MD
• Global Enterprise Global Mission
• 7,021 Airmen Civilians
• Major missions include
• SIGINT collection and analysis
• National Tactical Integration
• Tactics Adversary Studies Element
• Space Intel Support
• Distributed Common Ground
• Station Operations

Leveraging The EntireNational Tactical SIGINT
Enterprise
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National Air Space Intelligence Center

• HQ at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
• 1,924 Airmen Civilians
• Foreign air and space intelligence
• Aircraft, weapons, and electronics
• Space and ballistic missiles
• Force trends, doctrine, and tactics
• Executive agent roles include
• Electronic Warfare Reprogramming Database
• Integrated Air Defense Systems
• Measurement and Signature Intelligence processing
  
• Foreign Instrumentation Signals processing

National and DoD ST lead for Foreign Air and
Space Intelligence
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NASIC - All Source Analysis
Intelligence Sources
Analytic Assessments
MASINT
OSINT
SIGINT
GEOINT
HUMINT
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AF ISR Agency Priorities

• Excellence in Specific Disciplines
• Signals Intelligence
• Scientific and Technical Intelligence
• Measurement and Signature Intelligence
• Geospatial Intelligence
• Human Intelligence
• All Source Analysis
• Building Tomorrows Capabilities
• Special Ops
• Enhanced National Tactical Integration
• Computer Network Exploitation
• Human Intelligence
• Combat Air Forces Integration

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UNCLASSIFIED
National Tactical Integration
Where Were Headed(Enhanced NTI)
AF ISR Agency
AF ISR Agency
Enterprise
Enterprise
AOC
NSA
National-to-Tactical
DIA
70 IW
Push forward
Push forward
Push forward
NGA
Reach forward
Reach forward
Reach forward
NASIC
Reach
Reach
back
back
Reach
-
back
NRO
Tactical-to-National
CIA
AF ISR Agency ENTI
AF ISR Agency ENTI
AF ISR Agency ENTI
personnel forward - deployed
Consolidated, Integrated, and
Consolidated, Integrated, and
personnel forward
-
deployed
Tailored ISR for the Warfighter
Tailored ISR for the Warfighter
and embedded in the AOC
and embedded in the AOC
and embedded in the AOC
structure
structure
structure
UNCLASSIFIED
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AF NTI Architecture
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DCGS Locations
DGS-4 Ramstein AB
Distributed Common Ground Station
DGS-3 Osan AB
DGS-2 Beale AFB
NV ANG
Utah ANG
DGS-1 Langley AFB
Wichita ANG
Little Rock ANG
AL ANG
SR-1 Shaw AFB
DGS-5 Hickam AB
SR-2 Davis Monthan AFB
AFSOC Hurlburt Field
Core Sites
DCGS Distributed Sites
AOC Sentinel Remote Sites
5 x SIGINT Remote Sites
ANG Sites
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Standing up Air Force HUMINT

• HUMINT Support to Air/Space/Cyberspace Operations
• Focus Areas
• Adversary Doctrine, Training, Readiness
• Foreign Weapon Systems and Supporting
  Technologies

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Air Warfare Center Integration

• Emerging Threat Tactics Team (ET3) process
• Nellis NTI and HUMINT requirements
• Space and Cyber Tactics Analysis Teams
• Aggressors Support Air, Space and Cyberspace
  replication
• Adversary Doctrine, Training, Readiness
• Foreign Weapon Systems and Supporting
  Technologies
• Red Flag and CAOC-Nellis
• USAF Weapons School
• AFTTP 3-1 Manuals

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Future Capabilities
Incorporate todays multi-INT capabilities
Reflect well-placed investments for tomorrow
Harness cutting-edge technologies
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Technology and ISR

• Bandwidth (video streaming, data, voice)
• Satellite comms
• Use of the electromagnetic spectrum
• Robust distributed ground networks (to move
  large
• data from one point to the next)
• Scalable equipment for comms on the go
• Movement/availability of data to decision makers
  has to
• be instantaneous and secure
• Machine to machine protocols
• Interoperability
• Common vocabularies
• Standardized Metadata

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AF ISR - Leveraging the Enterprise
Acquisition
Arms Control
Combined Air Ops Center
Treaty Negotiations
Warfighter
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AF ISR
Premier Service Intelligence, Surveillance
Reconnaissance Organization in DoD
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems

• Medium- High-Altitude (MHA) UAS
• Operates in positively controlled airspace
• Theater MHA UAS (nominally)
• Delivers theater-wide effects
• Complex, long endurance UAS
• Can operate beyond line of sight
• Typically ACAT II or above
• Local MHA UAS (nominally)
• Delivers local effects
• Short range, endurance UAS
• Operate within line of sight
• Typically ACAT III or below
• Low Altitude UAS
• Operates in procedurally controlled airspace
  (below coordinating altitude)

Global Hawk
BAMS
40K
Reaper
Theater MHA UAS
Warrior
30K
Predator
I-Gnat
Local MHA UAS
Fire Scout
20K
Scan Eagle
Snow goose
Silver Fox
Hunter
Shadow
Pioneer
Mako
Maverick
Tern
10K
Neptune
FPASS, Buster, Batcam, Hornet, Desert Hawk,
Wasp, Dragon eye, Raven, Pointer
Low altitude UAS
100nm
200nm
BLOS
10nm
EA has Standardization Acquisition Authority
EA has Standardization Authority
EA has No Authority
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What changed?

• Technology
• Surv Recce now include array of sensing and
  require significant processing, usually networked
  for ops dissemination
• Intel includes similarly wide means of collection
  sensors, processing, and networking, and differs
  only in depth of analysis and exploitation of the
  data
• Not only are collection means, target focus, and
  product simplicity no longer different between
  the three, networks are also converging, and
  processes and products are parallel
• Environment
• Rather than facing a stolid adversary that we
  can defeat with massed force application, we are
  up against foes that are constantly morphing and
  advancing finding them is a bigger challenge
  than facing them HAF/A2
• The open vs concealed vs denied aspects are gone
  all three tasks search for the hidden in plain
  sight in air, space, and cyberspace and the
  enemy is not necessarily defined by uniforms or
  boundaries
• Joint Effects
• Mass has been supplanted by precision, timing has
  been compressed, and service interaction
  increased I S R must be synchronized
• Coordination and Teaming are dependent upon
  predictive battlespace awarenessno one can
  accomplish any mission without integrated ISR

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The Message

• ISR is Operations
• ISR efforts today make up the vast majority of
  the operations required to achieve our security
  objectives. Operations range from finding the
  enemy, to deconstructing his network and his
  intentions, to putting weapons on target, to
  subsequently assessing the results. Lt Gen
  Deptula speech
• ISR must be coordinated and integrated
• We are confusing the joint battle space
  doctrine. Air Component Commanders should
  coordinate all UAVs based on COCOM situational
  warfighting directives. Primary control of these
  assets should be exercised by centralized JFACC
  C2. Gen Barry McCaffrey, USA (R), 3rd
  Imperative AF ISR Strike capability
• ISR is about capabilities, not disciplines or
  platforms
• We are transforming our approach to ISR by
  managing systems, platforms, and personnel
  through a capabilities-based construct, rather
  than solely through individual program elements.
  What this means is that for everything from
  planning to programming to acquisition to
  employment, ISR requirements and capabilities are
  driving and shaping the effort to satisfy the
  needs of the warfighternot numbers of platforms
  or pots of money. HAF/A2 testimony

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The AF ISR Enterprise
USAF A2
NRO
DIA
NGA
NSA
AFIAA
MAJCOM Staff
AFFOR Staff
AOC
Forces
70IW
NASIC
AFTAC
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Global Synergy

• Network centric collaborative environment
• - Maximizes enterprise exploitation team
• - Increases dynamic tasking within the
  enterprise
• - Maximizes CAF resources to meet warfighter
  needs
• C2 of ISR/TPED Strengthen interaction between
  AOC and DGS
• Formalized DCGS TPED Mgmt Joint apportion
  (JFCC-ISR)AF allocate

DGS-3
NV ANG
DGS-4
DGS-1
DGS-2
DGS-5
KS ANG
AR ANG
AL ANG
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NASIC - Scientific Technical Intelligence
Surface Science
Modeling and Simulation
Lasers and Directed Energy
Quantum Physics
Sensor Technology
Biotechnology
Space andAstronomy
Energy andPower
UNCLASSIFIED
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UAS EA

• The DoD Executive Agent for Medium- and
  High-Altitude UAS will be responsible for 2
  primary functions
• Establish standards to ensure interoperability of
  all MHA UAS
• i.e. - Communication equipment - IFF/blue
  force tracker, - Data-links - Payload
  interface - Dissemination architectures
• Training and certification standards
• Acquisition of Theater MHA UAS
• EA will provide Joint solutions for procuring MHA
  UASeliminate redundancy and duplication of
  effort
• Opportunities Predator Warrior, Reaper, Global
  Hawk BAMS, and like systems
• To accomplish these functions
• Establish a Program Executive Officer (PEO) for
  MHA UAS
• Perform the functions of JUAS Materiel Review
  Board (MRB)
• Align the JUAS Center of Excellence under EA

The EA must be an accountable organization for
coherent and synchronized UAS development and
acquisition
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Standardization

• Delivers
• Interoperable UAS systems
• Integrated airspace procedures manned/unmanned
  aircraft
• Joint UAS operator training/certification
  standards
• Enables
• Enhanced ability to share UAS information among
  all users
• Common interface to dissemination architectures
• Improved safety with procedural/equipment
  standards
• Minimize airspace restrictions due to UAS
  operations
• Elimination of potential Air Defense seams
• One voice representing DoD to industry,
  interagency, allies