Interacting With the Department of Homeland Security DHS

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Interacting With the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS)

• Rex J. Fleming
• UCAR
• January 27, 2004 Sedona

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Contaminated Plumes from NBC Terrorism
Source Nuclear or radiation device Truckload
of Anthrax Large Toxic Gas Release Time
Response Very ShortSave lives, ease human
suffering Short-termMove people out of harms
way Long TermDetermine when ground zero back to
economic productivity Data Requirements for
Plume Models (lowest 20,000 feet) Accurate
4-dimensional input on winds (advection, dry
deposition) Accurate 4-dimensional input on water
vapor and temperatures (stability, wet
deposition, moist physics/chemistry, etc.)
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Potentially Dangerous Chain of Events (continued)

• Current upper air data (radiosonde system)
• 350 km average horizontal resolution
• two/day (12-hour) temporal resolution
• Large errors in system movement due to advection
  uncertainty
• Very large error if systems developing or
  dissipating
• No high resolution data input
• poor mesoscale (high resolution) model output
• poor plume model input
• poor plume model guidance
• potential large loss of life - needlessly

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• Commercial A/C measure winds and temp (lat, long,
  and time available)
• Water vapor measurements proven in 1999-2000
  (WVSS-I)
• Very accurate water vapor measurements with
  WVSS-II. Uses diode laser, UCAR air sampler
  (patent pending), and differential frequency
  modulation spectroscopy
• Air sampler is flush mounted, drag-free,
  stealthy, optimized for diode lasers and quantum
  cascade lasers, works on anything that moves
• Commercial A/C vertical profile of winds, temp,
  and water vapor costs 1.10 each vs. radiosonde
  recurring cost of 250 each

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• Air Sampler Flush mounted / low drag / no
  heater required
• Diode laser, long-life, telecommunications
  quality
• System weight (electronics box, cables, air
  sampler) lt 7 lbs

3.1
9.0
5.0
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Accuracy and Robustness of the WVSS-II

• BAMEX (Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex
  Experiment)
• Time in seconds on lower horizontal scale.
• Measured static pressure (blue line reference
  the right scale) indicates constant flight level
  between
• 10,000 and 20,000 seconds then a series of up
  and down maneuvers.
• Water vapor measured as mixing ratio in parts
  per million by volume (ppmV) on left vertical
  scale.
• Very close match between WVSS-II (black) and
  NOAA P-3 standard chilled mirror (red).

• 20-year lifetime
• Easy installation maintenance check and spare
  replacement only at C-checks

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Tactical Observing System(staged throughout
country serving dual benefits one is NBC
terrorism event)

• Consists of a variety of systems function of
  (nuclear, biological, or chemical)
• Includes existing satellite systems and systems
  brought in by first responders
• Measures 4-D area around ground zero and
  near-surround
• Consists of highly mobile systems (aerial and
  ground-based)
• Measures environment and contaminated plume
  (composition, strength, 4-D movement, trends)

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Aerial Mobile Observational Platforms

• Special Manned Aircraft
• Some existing government a/c
• Some existing university and government research
  a/c
• Some existing older commercial a/c suitable for
  purpose
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
• Range from GNAT (48 hr endurance and 140 lb
  payload) to GlobalHawk (42 hr endurance and 1960
  lb payload)
• Smaller, simpler, in-situ data and plume info only

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Ground Mobile Systems

• trucks/vans
• all-terrain Hummers
• fast moving choreographed array for environmental
  data
• optimally positioned array for species
  identification, concentration and trends

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DRAFT OF JUNE 16, 2003        
Addition of Strategic and Tactical Observing
Systems for Homeland Security           Principal
Investigators   Rex J. Fleming (UCAR) Farzin
Amzajerdian (NASA) Robert Atlas (NASA) G. David
Emmitt (SWA) Bruce Gentry (NASA) R. Michael
Hardesty (NOAA) Grady Koch (NASA) Tom Warner
(NCAR)
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• This BAA (due 6/13/03) is only first opportunity
• May not be best avenue, but gives exposure
• Our reading of DHS desires
• Available proven technology
• Tailored to Homeland Security issues
• Implemented quickly
• Our team and institutional skill can get job done

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Broad Agency Announcement DAAD05-03-T-0024 Mission
Area Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Countermeasures (CB) Requirement Number
R000-CB-UCAR-2003-326 Proposal Title Addition of
Strategic and Tactical Observing Systems for
Homeland Security
UCAR 6/13/2003
Operational Capability to be Provided Once a
CBRN even has occurred the contaminated plume
will continue to evolve due to a number of
dynamical, chemical, and physical processes. A
mobile tactical observing system is required to
measure both the environment and the plume near
ground zero and the near-surround. Several
tactical observing system configurations are
pre-staged at locations around the country. This
information is crucial for all subsequent actions
and decisions including those involved in
saving lives. Task 1 implements new observations
at key coastal cities and mobile tactical
observing systems for both the plume and the
environment (ground-based, special manned
aircraft, and UAVs). Task 2 provides detailed
regional model results for the region of the CBRN
event.
Cartoon showing a possible ground-based mobile
platform configuration the concentric circles
shown are only symbolic as the actual paths for
the ground mobile systems would be polygons of
available paths (streets and/or fields) that
could be traversed.

• Proposed Technical Approach
• Task 1
• Add automatic ground based Doppler wind profilers
  at major coastal cities for possible coastal
  nuclear detonations.
• Add proven hand-held devices for measuring plume
  composition to air mobile (special manned
  aircraft and UAVs) and ground mobile platforms
  (trucks/vans and all-terrain Hummers). Also add
  environmental sensors for wind, temperature, and
  water vapor to above mobile platforms.
• Task 2
• Improve 4-dimensional data assimilation
  procedures for the small regional movable grid
  required to monitor/predict conditions following
  a terrorist event.
• Implement relocatable finer scale version of
  national NCAR MM5 model to be major information
  source for ground zero operations

• ROM Cost Schedule
• (This is a large interagency effort lead by UCAR)
• Task 1 period of performance is 3 years from date
  of receipt of funds (this allows time to select
  and equip the 30 regional hubs around the
  country).
• Task 2 is a 3-year on-going analysis and model
  improvement program.
• Total cost is 138 million evenly divided over 3
  years.
• Deliverables
• Observing system hardware data and model results
  sent to DHS and/or ground zero operations center
  in real-time.
• Corporate Information
• Dr. Rex J. Fleming
• University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
• 3300 Mitchell Lane, Boulder CO 80301
• Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
• Email fleming_at_joss.ucar.edu

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Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects
Agency (HSARPA)

• HSARPA interest is in research for a very
  quick payoff
• Examples of what they are looking for in last
  BAA
• Personnel Protection (for VIPs)
• Personal Duress Alarm System
• Small radar system with 3 mile
  detection range for UAVs
• Infrastructure Protection
• Develop a National Critical
  Infrastructure Database
• (develop criteria for comparing
  vulnerability of targets)

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Past and Future Contact Identified with DHS