Figure 231 Page 518

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Figure 23-1Page 518
wolf spider
crab spider
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Table 23-1Page 520
Table 23-1 Major Types of Pesticides
Type Insecticides Chlorinated hydrocarbons Org
anophosphates Carbamates Botanicals Mic
robotanicals
Examples DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, toxaphene,
lindane, chlordane, methoxychlor,
mirex Malathion, parathion, diazinon, TEPP,
DDVP,mevinphos Aldicarb, carbaryl (Sevin),
propoxur, maneb, zineb Rotenone, pyrethrum, and
camphor extracted from plants, synthetic
pyrethroids (variations of pyrethrum), rotenoids
(variations of rotenone), and neonicotinoids (vari
ations of nicotine) Various bacteria, fungi,
protozoa
Persistence High (215 years) Low to
moderate (12 weeks), but some can last several
years Low (days to weeks) Low (days to
weeks) Low (days to weeks)
Biologically Magnified? Yes No No No
No
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Table 23-1Page 520
Table 23-1 Major Types of Pesticides
Type Herbicides Contact chemicals Systemic
chemicals Soil sterilants Fungicides Various
chemicals Fumigants Various chemicals
Examples Atrazine, simazine,
paraquat 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Silvex,
diuron, daminozide (Alar), alachlor
(Lasso), glyphosate (Roundup) Tribulan,
diphenamid, dalapon, butylate Captan,
pentachlorophenol, zeneb, methyl bromide, carbon
bisulfide Carbon tetrachloride, ethylene
dibromide, methyl bromide
Persistence Low (days to weeks) Mostly
low (days to weeks) Low (days) Most low
(days) Mostly high
Biologically Magnified? No No No No
Yes (for most)
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Figure 23-2aPage 522
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Figure 23-2bPage 522
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Figure 23-2cPage 522
ranges overlap
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Figure 23-3Page 523
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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600
500
Neonicotinoids (1995)
400
Pyrethroids (1978)
Number of genetically resistant insect species
300
Carbamates (1972)
200
Organophosphates (1965)
100
DDT/cyclodienes (1946)
1950
1950
1950
1950
1950
1950
Figure 23-4Page 523
Year
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Figure 23-5Page 524
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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Figure 23-6Page 528
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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Figure 23-7Page 528
12
Figure 23-8Page 529
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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Figure 23-9Page 529
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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Figure 23-10Page 529
Larva
Black
Eggs
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Figure 23-11Page 530
DO NOT POST TO INTERNET
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Animation
Pesticide examples interaction.
Click to view animation.