Office hours for the exam:

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Office hours for the exam Tuesday 1 230,
7 8 Wednesday 1 430
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physical environment
genotype phenotype
other genes
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Figure 6-13
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interacting genes and proteins interaction
wild type interaction alternate
phenotype - complementation -
epistasis - suppression
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colorless colorless precursor precursor
1 2
allele w1 allele w2
purple pigment
pigment change pigment change
catalyzed completed
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flower color in sweet peas
P0 white A x white B white B x
white C F1 blue white F2
blue white white
w1/w1 w2/w2 w1/w1 w2/w2
w1/w1 w2/w2
9 16
7 16
w1/- w2/- w1/w1 w2/-
w1/- w2/w2 w1/w1 w2/w2
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flower color in sweet peas -- complementation
P0 white A x white B white B x
white C F1 purple white F2
purple white white
w1/w1 w2/w2
w1/w2
9 16
7 16
¼ w1/w1 ½ w1/w2 ¼ w2/w2
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coat color in mice -- interacting genes
P0 blue x gray F1 black F2 133
black 41 blue 46 gray 17 milky
novel phenotypes
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coat color in foxes -- interacting genes
BBgg bbGG
P0 blue x gray F1 black F2 133
black 41 blue 46 gray 17 milky B-G
b-gg bbG- bbgg
BbGg
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epistatic modification of ABO phenotypes
A phenotype x O phenotype expect
all A phenotype offspring, if A parent is
IAIA or mix of A and O offspring, if A
parent is IAi instead an AB phenotype
offspring epistasis


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N-acetylglucosamine
A-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT1 locus)
H antigen
(ABO locus)
A-transferase B-transferase
A antigen B antigen
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epistatic modification of ABO phenotypes
A phenotype x O phenotype IAIA
Hh IBIB hh AB
phenotype IAIB Hh


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physical environment
genotype phenotype
other genes
expressivity degree to which an individual of
a given genotype displays the expected
phenotype penetrance proportion of a
population of genotypes that display the
expected phenotype penetrance and dominance
are related
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variable expression of Lobe eye in Drosophila
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typically, more than two alleles segregate at a
locus multiple alleles can be detected when
crosses between heterozygotes yield
non-standard F2 ratios pleiotropic genes affect
more than one aspect of the phenotype it
can be detected by non-standard
ratios complementation tests can determine if
two mutations are in the same gene or
different genes two locus interactions can be
detected by the presence of novel
phenotypes in the F1 or F2 or an F2 ratio that
resembles one for two traits rather than one
trait