Kanaio Makai

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Kanaio Makai Biologically Important Area
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Reconnaissance survey

• Hawaiian archeological and coral reef resources
  of statewide significance
• Recommends increased management State park and
  marine protected area
• (US Department of the Interior, 2003)

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Archeological Sites

• 34 individual sites with over 1,000 features
• (US Dept of Interior, 2003)
• -Around ½ are believed to be burial platforms
• -State of Hawaii Archeological District
• -Historic Hoapili trail
• Trash and disturbance of sites 4WD vehicles
  running over, moving rocks for camping
• (Hommon, 2001)

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Biological Resources

• Aalii Lowland Dry Shrubland
• Mixed Coastal Shrubland/Herbland (Coastal Dry
  Grassland and Naupaka Coastal Dry Shrubland)
• Akoko Coastal Dry Shrubland
• Low Salinity Anchialine Pool
• Alien Shrubland/ Grassland/Herbland
• Kiawe Forest/Savannah
• Cave system
• Cave may contain isopod, Hawaiioscia
  parvituberculata, spider, Meioneta gagnei, and
  pseudoscorpion, Tyrannochthonuis stonei
• (TNC, 1993)

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Surveyed Anchialine Pool contains H. rubra and M.
lohena (Hawaii Heritage Program, 1993)
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Plant Species Observed

• Argemone glauca glauca
• Boerhavia herbstii
• Boerhavia repens
• Capparis sandwichiana
• Chenopodium oahuense
• Cyperus laevigatus
• Dodonaea viscosa
• Erythrina sandwicensis
• Fimbristylis cymosa
• Heliotropium curassavicum
• Heteropogon contortus
• Hibiscus tiliaceus
• Ipomoea indica
• Ipomoea pes-caprae
• Ipomoea tuboides

• Jacquemontia ovalifolia
• Lycium sandwicense
• Melanthera lavarum
• Myoporum sandwicense
• Pandanus tectorius
• Panicum fauriei
• Plumbago zeylanica
• Scaevola taccada
• Senna gaudichaudii
• Sesuvium portulacastrum
• Sida fallax
• Sporobolus virginicus
• Thespesia populnea
• Tribulus cistoides
• Waltheria indica

(R. Warshauer, et. al, 2007)
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Animals

• Pueo (Asio flammeus sandwicensis), observed
• Opeapea (Lasiurus cenereus semotus), observed
  mauka and to the East
• Anchialine pool species
• opaeula, Halocaridina rubra, Metabetaeus lohena
  
• Possibly aeolian insects on bare lava

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Marine Resources

• 38 species of coral
• 112 species of macroinvertebrates
• 138 species of fish 3 introduced
• Listed species found or in nearby waters
• Honu (Chelonia mydas)
• Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
• (Basch, 2002)

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Human Activity

• Snorkeling/Diving/Kayaking
• Camping
• 4WD
• Fishing
• Hiking
• No military activity
• (US Department of the Interior, 2003)

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Threats

• Trash and other public misuse
• Goat browsing
• Invasive plant species

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References

• Basch, L. 2002. Reconnaissance Surveys of South
  Maui, Hawaii, Keoneoio to Kanaloa
  PointMarine Resources, 22 February, 25-27
  April, and 6-10 May 2002, Pacific Islands Coral
  Reef Program, National Park Service
• Hommon, R. 2001. Reconnaissance of Keoneoio to
  Kanaloa Point, Southeast MauiArcheological
  Resources, 11-12, National Park Service
• The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Hawaii Heritage
  Program 1993. Biological Reconnaissance Survey
  of the Kanaio Training Area. Prepared for Hawaii
  Army National Guard, Honolulu
• US Department of the Interior, 2003.
  Reconnaissance Survey of the Southwestern Coast
  of Maui, La Perouse Bay to Kanaloa Point, Maui.
• Warshauer, F., J. Jacobi, J. Price. 2007. Native
  Coastal Flora and Plant Communities in Hawaii
  Their Composition, Distribution, and Status.
• Hawaii Heritage Program. 1993. Field Notes from
  the survey of the Kanaio Training Area, Maui,
  December 1992-February 1993.