Herb%20Gardens%20through%20History

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Herb Gardens through History and the Plants
Therein Ancient gardens Egypt Islamic Ch
inese Christian monasteries English Physic
gardens Modern gardens
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Egyptian garden - formal, with blue walled,
white lotus flowers on the central pond. D.
Bown, p. 12, 1995.
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Islamic garden design - enclosed and intimate.
Plants of fruit and nut trees, vines and scented
flowers, outlined by pools of water. The Sultan
takes refreshment and listens to music.
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A biblical herb garden design, Connecticut Damas
k rose Celsiana is focal point, 3
theme gardens - Legends, Mary, Culinary. High
maintenance garden - regular clipping of ivy
absinthe to maintain form.
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The Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, wrote one of
the earliest herbals in 200 B.C.
He emphasized practical skills.
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The herb garden at the Cloisters in New York
City. It contains herbs used during the Middle
Ages - lavender, thyme, rosemary, betony,
meadowsweet, rue, .
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Close-up, the Cloisters, showing wattle fence
around apple tree, various herbs and flowers.
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4 rings form this knot garden, with barberry and
germander as the rings and a dwarf box draws the
design together in the center. 4 specimens
accent the 4 corners and creeping thyme varieties
are planted inside the rings. Garden is easily
viewed from the house.
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Shrewsbury, England monastery herb garden
reconstructed
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Shrewsbury monastery vegetable garden
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Medieval apothecary dispenses herbs and advice.
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In the 1400s, a doctor selects herbs for
medicinal uses from the herb garden, which
contains both herbs and decorative plants. From
Roman de la Rose (c. 1400).
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Herbal concoctions had many uses including
removing pests from the head.
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A woodcut from Brunschwigs 1500 book, Liber de
Arte Distillandi, Strassburg. Scene in a
medieval herb garden - harvesting,
drying, storing, distilling, ..
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Harvesting sage leaves, a popular medieval herb.
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Doctrine of Signatures or Similars the shape or
appearance of an herb indicates what illness it
will cure. Doctrine of Contraries opposites can
cure illness, e.g. hot fever is treated with
cool mints
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Examples of herbals. Hippocrates, 400 B.C., an
herbal with 400 recipes Dioscorides, a Greek
physician, 60 A.D., De Materia Medica Li Shi
Zhen, Chinese herbalist, 1590, 52 volume
practical compendia, 2000 drugs, 1170
plants Girard, 1600, Elizabethan gardner,
Girards Herbal, 1000 species Parkinson, 1630,
Theatrum Botanicum, 3800 spp., herbalist to
Charles I Culpepper, 1652, English apothecary,
The Complete Herbal zodiac and herbal remedies
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Hippocrates (500 B.C.) believed in the balance
among the 4 elements and their associated humors.
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Examples of vegetables and herbs in Hippocrates
4 basic groups of plants.
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Dioscorides De Materia Medica - the most
influential Western herbal of all time,
a standard reference for gt1500 years!
Descriptions of 600 herbs. Dioscorides was a
Greek physician who lived in Rome and served
Anthony and Cleopatra.
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Chinese herbalist Li Shi Zhen, 1590, 52 volume
practical compendia, 2000 drugs, 1170 plants .
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John Girard was an English gardener and
herbalist (1597) who wrote The Generall Historie
of Plants. It includes descriptions of
plants from around the world.
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John Parkinson wrote the largest herbal in
English, published in 1640. The title
Paradisus in Sole is a play on his
name Park..inson.
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Culpeppers The English Physitian was a very
popular herbal, it contained astrological descrip
tions of almost 400 herbs. He believed in the
Doctrine of Signatures and enraged physicians by
his arrogant disregard for their learning.
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Modern herb gardens Chelsea Physic garden,
London, England Cranbourne Manor,
England George Washingtons Mount Vernon VA
National Arboretum, DC US Botanic
Garden Cleveland Botanic Garden Catnip Acres
Connecticut Denver Botanic Garden Huntington
Botanic Garden Small Features in herb
gardens. Chamomile Thyme Lawn Chamomile
Urn Wheelbarrow Sage Santolina A Narrow herb
Garden
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The Chelsea Physic Garden, London England
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Shakespeare wrote about many herbs in his
plays. pray remember, rosemary for
remembrance. A few herbs were difficult to
find - earth smoke (Fumaria), oxlip (Primula),
samphire (Crithmum), but many others are still
in use today.
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Cranbourne Manor - a formal herb garden with
clipped boxwood hedges that create dark
and light areas.
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National Arboretum, Washington DC topiary
herb knot garden
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National Arboretum Knot Garden, Washington DC
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US Botanic Garden - formal knot herb garden
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Clevelands Botanic Garden with a very
formal herb knot garden.
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An informal herb garden at Catnip Acres in
Connecticut.
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Denver Botanic Garden
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Huntington CA Botanic Garden
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An urn of daisies surrounded A
chamomile and thyme by chamomile.
Lawn - hard to maintain.
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Dark purple sage and yellow Ladys mantle with
lavender and mint in the background.
A wheelbarrow full of herbs in pots makes a small
herb garden.