AIAA 3rd Unmanned Unlimited Technical Conference

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DHS View of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Needs

• AIAA 3rd Unmanned Unlimited Technical Conference
• Paul Polski
• Director, DHS Aviation Joint Programs
• Department of Homeland Security
• September 20, 2004

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Outline
Background DHS UAV Application Evaluation DHS
Needs UAV Integration into the Homeland Recent
DHS UAV Activity The Future Unmanned UAV Airport
Airside Summary
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Department of Homeland SecurityVision

• Preserving our freedoms, protecting America we
  secure our homeland

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Department of Homeland SecurityMissionlead
the unified national effort to secure
Americaprevent and deter terrorist
attackspromote the free flow of commerce

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New Conflict Paradigm
Traditional Conflict Peace Crisis War Post
War Stability Peace
Terrorism Peace Episodic Terrorist
Event Instability Change
War Fighters Expensive Complex Exposed Deliberate
Terror Fighters Cheap Simple Hidden Random
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DHS UAV Background

• April 2003 Senate requests DHS to explore use
  of UAVs.
• June 2003 DHS (CBP) Investigates UAV use for
  Border Patrol.
• July 2003 DHS (ST) Convenes UAV Working Group.
• October 2003 JPDO Starts UAV National Plan
  development.
• November 2003 FY-04 Defense Bill requires DHS
  UAV Report.
• January 2004 DHS (ST) Starts UAV Executive
  Steering Group

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DHS UAV Areas of Security

• Land Borders North South
• Ports of Entry
• Interior
• Coastal Areas Atlantic Pacific
• Other Water Areas
• Overseas
• High Seas

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UAV Types, Operating Altitudes Endurance
Capabilities
70K
70K
Global Hawk
Global Hawk
U-2
U-2
60K
60K
Endurance
Endurance
Heron 2 Predator B
Heron 2 Predator B
50K
50K
Altitude
Altitude
40K
40K
30K
30K
Tactical
Tactical
Heron 1 Predator A
Heron 1 Predator A
20K
20K
10K
10K
Aerostar, Hermes, Sky Eye, Vigilante, Fire
scout, Hunter,
Aerostar, Hermes, Sky Eye, Fire scout, Hunter,
Shadow 200
Small
Small
10
10
20
20
30
30
Endurance (hours)
Endurance (hours)
Need to Define DHS National UAV Performance Regime
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8 Major DHS Duties

• Surveillance Monitoring
• Communications and Information Management
• Apprehend/ Detain / Removal / Seize
• Targeting Intelligence
• Identification Assessment
• Training Proficiency
• Deterrence
• Officer Safety

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1. CBRNE Sensors 2. Visual Monitoring 3.
Container Integrity 4. Non-Intrusive Inspection
5. Non-visual Monitoring 6. Suspect / Item
Geolocation 7. Communications Interception 8.
Tunnel ID and Surveillance
Surveillance Monitoring
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Communications and Information Management

• 1. Interoperable Communications
• 2. Tactical Data Fusion
• 3. Multi-modal Access to Databases
• 4. Tactical Situational Awareness

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Apprehend/ Detain / Removal / Seize

• 1. Facilities / Housing
• 2. Arrest Reports and Case Documentation
• 3. Pursuit Management Prevention
• 4. Quarantine Disposal
• 5. Safe Entry into Unknown Situation
• 6. Parole / Detain
• 7. Transportation of Detainees/Property
• 8. Securing of Travel Documents
• 9. Maintain Integrity of Seized and Personal
  Property
• 10. Notification of Rights
• 11. Consular Notification

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Identification Assessment
1. Ability to Read and
Collect Biometrics 2. Document
Verification Validity 3. Composition
Verification 4. Cultural/Linguistic
Verification 5. Veracity Analysis
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Targeting Intelligence Technology Directorate
1. Threat Assessment / Data Collection /
Analysis 2. Threat Relevant Data
Dissemination 3. Intelligence Preparation
Operations Support 4. Intelligence Support to
Command
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Training Proficiency 1. Training
2. Training Management
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Deterrence
1. Visible Security Systems 2. Multi-National
Initiatives 3. Punitive
Measures 4. Specialized
Enforcement Operations 5.
Public Information
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Officer Safety

• Body Protection
• 2. Safe Search
• 3. Use of Safety Emergency Equipment
• 4. Contingency Planning
• 5. Use of Force
• 6. Maintenance of Physical Fitness

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DHS UAV Security Needs Summary

• Coast Guard
• Border Patrol
• Oil Fields and Pipe Lines
• Power Facilities, Transmission Lines and Grids
• Security Sensitive Events and Facilities
• Airports, Seaports and Land Transportation Hubs
• Transportation Conveyances
• Other

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DHS UAV Functional Needs Summary

• Integration into the Homeland
• Safety and Acceptability to the Populace
• Pre-Planned Product Improvement for new Threats
• Attack Capability
• Delivery Function (i.e. Smart Dust)
• Multi-Purpose Commonality
• Acceptable Cost
• Standards

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DHS UAV Homeland Integration
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DHS UAV Standards Requirements
DHS UAV Types
Standards Developers
RTCA ASTM AIAA SAE NDIA International
HALE MALE LALE LASE
Cooperative Approach
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X-45A GPS-Guided Weapon Delivery18 April 2004
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DHS of the Future?
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DHS UAV Pilot Programs

• August 2002 - CG RD Sentry UAV Demo (Galveston)
• August 2003- CBP/JTF-6 UAV Missions (Zapata, TX.)
• October 2003- CBP UAV Demonstrations (Fort
  Huachuca)
• November 2003 ICE Operation Desert Safeguard (AZ
  Border) w/Predator B
• June-September 2004- Arizona Border Control
  Initiative w/Hermes
• November 2003/July 2004- USCG UAV Missions
  (Alaska) w/Altair (Predator B)

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UAVs in Future Homeland Surveillance
Fusion Center
USAF
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Next Generation Air Transportation System
Goals   1.
Reduce aviation system costs by 25 2. Create
100s of thousands of new jobs 3. Provide
three times current capacity 4. Meet future
air transportation demand 5. Reduce
curb-to-curb transit time 30 6. Limit
traveler airport time to less than 30 minutes
7. 95 of arrivals departures to be on-time
8. Seamless security with other aviation
operations 9. Maintain aviation as safest mode
of travel. 10. Retain role as aviation world
leader
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Unmanned UAV Airport AirsideThe Comprehensive
Airport Program (CAP)

• Decreased fuel use and emissions
• Reduced ramp clutter and its effects
• Improved security and safety
• Streamlined transport of passengers cargo

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1) Fuel Conservation Fewer Emissions

• Aircraft on taxiway, and ground service vehicles
  contribute significantly to fuel consumption and
  air pollution
• The proliferation of vehicles also increases the
  incidence of ramp collisions and debris damage to
  aircraft

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The current ground services configuration
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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The fuel trucks removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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Potable water truck removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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Lavatory service truck removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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Electrical power removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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Cabin cleaning crew truck removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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Air conditioning truck removed
2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Galley truck removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Air-start truck removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Cargo loading equipment removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Baggage loading equipment removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Passenger bridges removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Tow truck removed
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2) Reduce Ramp Clutter and Its Effects
Possible reconfigured ground services
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3) Better Security

• Fewer ramp vehicles mean fewer service staff
  requiring SIDA clearances more extensive
  screening of fewer employees may be possible
• Jetways for passengers, baggage and cargo may
  contain in-line security screening systems to
  speed loading while increasing security

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4) More Efficient Air Transport of
Passengers, Baggage Cargo

• Automated systems used to move passengers,
  baggage and cargo through the airport environment
  to, and from, the aircraft with the highest level
  of security

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The CAP Initiative

• Reduced fuel and emissions
• Reduced ramp clutter and its effects
• Improved safety and security
• Streamlined transport of passengers and cargo

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Summary

• DHS UAV needs are complex.
• DHS UAV Needs are developing.
• DHS UAV needs are Vital.