Onscene Accident Response

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On-scene Accident Response

• If a package is (or is suspected to be) leaking
• Stay awaydo not touch.
• Keep other people away.
• Tell anyone who may have touched the package that
  they need to remain to be checked for
  contamination.
• If you touched the package (or nearby objects)
  wash hands with lukewarm water.

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Survey Meters

• Uses and Limitations

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Topic 1 Instrumentation

• Identify operate the survey meters, dosimeters,
  and the dosimeter charger.
• Discuss the uses and limitations.
• Provide proper care and maintenance.
• Demonstrate a hands-on capability in the use of
  dosimetry and survey instruments.

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CD V-715
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CD V-715 Operational Check

• Step 1 Turn meter off. (Check Calibration).
• Step 2 Open unit, install battery
  (observe polarity).
• Step 3 Turn selector switch to 0 wait two
  minutes for warm-up.

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CD V-715 Operational Check

• Step 4 Adjust needle position to "0" on face.
  Zeroing assures accuracy. When zeroing meter,
  detector does not respond to radiation.
• Step 5 Hold selector switch to Circuit Check
  position to test battery strength, proper
  installation, and meter circuits. Observe a
  needle deflection on meter face near red area
  marked Circuit Check.

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CD V-715 Operational Check

• Step 6 Test operation of each range by
  rotating selector switch to each position,
  observing meter deflection.
• .

When not in radiation field, needle should not
move further than 0.3 on X100, X10, and X1 scales
and .6 on the X0.1 scale.
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CD V-715 Characteristics
Range
0 - 500 R/hr
Use
l

High level radiation
l
Backup to CD V-700 when

entering unknown radiation

environment
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CD V-715 Limitations

• Detects and measures
• X-rays
• Gamma radiation

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Meter Face 1
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Meter Face 2
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Meter Face 3
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CD V-700 SURVEY METER
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CD V-700 Operational Check
Step 1 Turn OFF meter. If you dont, you
may get a strong electrical shock. (Check
Calibration) Step 2 Remove battery support bar
to install batteries. Check polarity.
Reassemble.
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CD V-700 Operational Check

• Step 3 Try on headphones and check for
  radiation without reading meter face.

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CD V-700 Operational Check

• Step 4 Turn range selector to X10, wait 30
  seconds. Open beta window, place it over
  check source on side of meter case.
  Observe a reading about halfway up meter face
  scale.

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CD V-700 Characteristics
Range
0 to 50 mR/hr gamma radiation
Uses
Monitoring incidents where

u
exposure rates are not likely
to exceed 50 mR/hr
Training

u
Detection
Gamma and beta radiation
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CD V-700 Limitations

• Cannot perform operational check in a radiation
  field.
• Measures up to only 50 mR/hr.
• May become saturated in higher field of radiation
  and act erratically.
• Will not respond to all radioactive material
  commonly transported.

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CD V-700 Care

• Perform regular operational checks.
• Turning meter off and remove batteries (for
  storage).
• Place end of GM tube with wire over center of
  meter (for storage).

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Instrument Use

• Probe may remain in handle clip and held waist
  high. (May hold probe in hand while surveying
  high and low areas.) Do not dangle probe by
  cord.
• In areas of unknown radiation, use high- and
  low-range instruments in tandem.

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Instrument Use

• Begin on the X1 range. If radiation registers,
  switch to the X10 range. If it rises again,
  switch to the X100 range.
• Multiply the meter face reading by the range to
  determine exposure rate in mR/hr.
• If the needle peaks, earphones squeal, and needle
  drops, the meter has probably been saturated.

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Meter Face 1
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Meter Face 2
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Meter Face 3
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Counts Per Minute, CPM or C/M

• Read on lowest scale
• A steady reading
• Floridas background radiation is between 40-50
  cpm

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Dosimeters

• Those commonly available include
• CD V-742
• CD V-138

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Dosimeter Difficulties
SolutionSet hairline to theleft of
ZEROadistance equivalentto the shift.

• Problem Hairline moves as the dosimeter
  isremoved from thecharger.

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Dosimeter

• Use
• Needle must be AT OR ABOVE ZERO for initial
  reading.
• Note START and STOP readings.
• Find exposure by subtracting.

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CD V-750 Dosimeter Charger
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Preparation for Use

• Step 1 Install one D cell battery.
• Remove center screw and open unit.
• Observe polarity.

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Preparation for Use

• Step 2 Remove cap, top left corner. Hold
  with pocket clip, press FIRMLY onto charging
  contact..
• Step 3 Turn knob until meter reads 0.

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Reading the Dosimeter
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Tactics and Strategies
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On-scene Accident Response

• Course of action
• Help injured people
• Notify the authorities
• Isolate the area

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Learning goals

• Identify operate the survey meters, dosimeters,
  and the dosimeter charger.
• Discuss their uses and limitations.
• Identify and explain TLD Dosimeters for Dose
  assessment and use of KI for Thyroid protection.
• Provide proper care and maintenance.
• Demonstrate a hands-on capability in the use of
  dosimetry and survey instruments.

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The CD V-777 (Modified ) Radiation Detection Set
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Set Designed for All Radiation Hazards
W/Emphasis on WMD Response
Specially equipped with

• Radiation Survey and Contamination Meters.
• Personnel Dosimetry for control and legal
  documentation of radiation exposures .
• Potassium Iodide for thyroid protection.

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Radiological Instruments Two Types of
Information Total Exposure and
Exposure Rate
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Survey and Contamination Rate Meters ( Three
Meters Per Set)

• 1 ea. CD V-700 Survey Meter. for
  measuring Low level Gamma Exposure Rates and some
  beta detection.
• 1 ea. CD V-715 Survey Meter. for
  measuring high level Gamma / X-Ray Exposure
  Rates.
• 1 ea. CD V-700 Count Rate Meter with a Special
  Pancake probe for contamination monitoring.

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CD V - 700 Characteristics

• Range 0-50 mR/h Gamma Radiation or 0-30,000 CPM
  Beta plus Gamma.
• Use where incident exposure rates are not likely
  to exceed 50 mR/h.
• Use in tandem with CD V-715.
• Refer to FEMAs Good, Some , None Table (Forms
  Pack) for determining response to various RAMs.

Range Selector Switch
Headphone Jack
Operational Check Source
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CD V - 700 Characteristics
Probe Window Closed Vs. Probe Window
Opened
Measures Gamma Radiation Only
Detects Gamma plus Beta above 250 Kev
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CDV-700 Operational Check

• Turn OFF meter. (If you dont you may get a
  strong electrical shock).
• Remove battery retainer clips(s) to install
  batteries. Check polarity. Replace Clips.
• Close case and attach headphone.

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CD V-700 Operational Check (Contd)

• Step 4 Turn Range selector Switch to X10.
  Wait 30 seconds. Open beta window and place open
  probe directly on the check source .
• Step 5 Move probe very slowly. Take the
  highest average reading in (CPM). Readings
  should agree with the range of CPM values listed
  on the calibration label.

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Typical CD V-700 Calibration Label

• Bar code label on CDV-700 printed on the
  calibration label.
• Calibration date of CDV-700 from calibration data
  base.
• Check Source Readings in CPM at the time of
  calibration.

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CD V-700 Meter converted to read in CPM for
Operational Check
180
120
60
240
150
90

210
300
30
270
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CD V-700 Checking Background

• Once you have completed the Operational Check

Step 7 Try on headphones and check for
radiation without reading meter face.

• Listening to headphone is the Best method for
  determining background and finding radiation.

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CD V-700 Operational Check
Determining Background Counts Per Minute (CPM)

• ????
• Set the CDV-700 range selector switch to X1.
• Open the beta shield.
• Ensure that a "clicking" sound is heard in
  headphone.
• Count the clicks for fifteen (15) seconds.
• Multiply the total of clicks by four (4) to
  determine background Counts Per Minute (CPM).

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CD V-700 Operational Check
Determining Background Counts Per Minute (CPM)

• for example
• If total counts in fifteen seconds equal 8
• 8 x 4 32 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
• Background is 32 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
• Record the background CPM obtained on your
  Monitor Guide Form 406 Rev. 7. Re-check
  background every 30 minutes to eliminate errors
  due to contamination of the probe or monitoring
  area.

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Form 406 Rev.7 for Standard CD V-700

• Provides specific instructions on how to monitor
  using V-700.
• Provides procedure to monitor for thyroid uptake,
  if suspected.
• Use this form to record background levels prior
  to monitoring.
• Log background in CPM here gt

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CD V-700 Instrument Use Area Surveys

• Probe may remain in handle clip and held waist
  high.
• If holding probe in hand orient probe parallel to
  surface. Do not dangle probe by cord !
• Always cover probe with a plastic baggie to
  prevent contamination of the probe.
• In areas of unknown radiation, use high- and
  low-range instruments in tandem.

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CD V-700 Instrument Use

• Begin on the X1 range. If radiation goes full
  scale, switch to the X10 range. If it rises
  again, switch to the X100 range.
• Multiply the raw meter face reading by the range
  to determine exposure rate in mR/hr (Probe
  Closed) or CPM (Probe Open).
• If the needle peaks, earphone squeals, and needle
  drops, the meter has probably been saturated
  (above 2 R/hr).
• Check your high range meter (CD V-715)
  immediately !

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CD V-700 Practice Meter Reading
100 on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
Needle will Fluctuate Select Average Reading
100 X 1 100 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
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CD V-700 Practice Meter Reading
300 on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
300 X 10 3,000 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
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CD V 700 Practice Meter Reading
200 on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
200 X 100 20,000 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
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CD V-700 Practice Meter Reading
Raw Meter Reading _____ on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
______Read X ____ _____ Counts Per Minute
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CD V-700 Practice Meter Reading
Raw Meter Reading _____ on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
______Read X ____ _____ Counts Per Minute
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CD V-700 Practice Meter Reading
Raw Meter Reading _______ on C / M Scale
mr/hr
100
200
C / M
300
______Read X ____ _____ Counts Per Minute
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CD V-700 - Performing surveys of Personnel,
Equipment or Vehicles

• Ensure Headphone is connected.
• Switch to the X1 Scale.
• Open probe window.
• Be sure to cover probe with plastic baggie.
• Re-check background.
• Keep probe 1 inch above surface.
• Survey move probe slowly at about 1 inch/second.
• Listen in headphone for increase in clicks or
  counts.
• Suspect contamination if levels are 100 CPM or
  higher above background.

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CD V-700 Limitations

• Cannot perform operational check in a radiation
  field.
• Measures up to only 50 mR/hr.
• May become saturated in higher field of radiation
  and act erratically.
• Will not respond to all radioactive material
  commonly transported. Refer to FEMAs Good, Some,
  None Table. (see forms pack).

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CD V-700 Care

• Perform regular operational checks.
• Log results on your Quarterly Operational Check
  Form (Refer to Forms Pack).
• Turn meter off and remove batteries (for
  storage).
• Place end of GM tube with wire over center of
  meter (for storage). Prevents wire breakage.

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CD V-700 Equipped With Pancake Probe Detector

• Plug-in Modification for the CD V-700 for
  enhanced Contamination Monitoring.
• Detects Alpha, Beta, Gamma and X-ray
  Contamination.
• Can also be used for area monitoring.
• Introduced by FEMA after development of the FEMA
  Good, Some None Table.

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Connecting CD V-700 RP Probe

• Switch must be Off.
• Unwind cable from stem.
• Remove CD V-700 RP probe from its protective
  Bubble Wrap Bag.
• Match Pancake Probe Connector Pins with Probe
  Socket Holes.
• Gently attach probe to base and secure by
  rotating screw to base.

Probe Socket
Probe Connector Pins
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CD V-700 RP Operational Check
Specially equipped with Pancake Probe Detector

• Turn OFF meter. (If you dont you may get a
  strong electrical shock).
• Remove battery retainer clip to install
  batteries. Check polarity. Replace Clips.
• Close case and attach headphone.

The Lionel Model CD V-700 uses only 2 ea. HD D
Cell batteries.
Note
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CD V-700 RP Operational Check (contd)

• Turn Range selector Switch to X100 or X10 .
  Check Calibration label for proper scale. Wait
  30 seconds.
• Remove Red Plastic Cap from Probe and place
  directly on the Operational check source .
• Take the highest average reading in CPM.
  Readings should agree with range of CPM values
  listed on the calibration label.

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CD V-700 RP Operational Check
Determining Background in Counts Per Minute (CPM)

• ????
• Set the CDV-700 RP range selector switch to X1.
• Be sure Red Plastic Cap has been removed.
• Ensure that a "clicking" sound is heard in
  headphone.
• Count the clicks for fifteen (15) seconds.
• Multiply the total of clicks by four (4) to
  determine background Counts Per Minute (CPM).

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CD V-700 RP Operational Check
Determining Background in Counts Per Minute (CPM)

• for example
• If total counts in fifteen seconds equals 10
• 10 x 4 40 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
• Background is 40 Counts Per Minute (CPM)
• Record the background CPM obtained on your
  Monitor Guide Form 406 Rev.8 . Re-check every
  30 minutes to eliminate errors due to
  contamination of the probe or monitoring area.
• Background may be slightly higher for the Pancake
  Detector vs. CD V-700 equipped with standard
  probe.

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Form 406 Rev.8 for CD V-700 RP

• Use only with CD V-700 RP Pancake.
• Follow monitoring procedure steps 5-9 for this
  probe.
• Can also make general area surveys in CPM.
• Log background in CPM here gt

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Contamination Monitoring with CD V-700 RP
(Pancake Probe)

• Readings must be reported in CPM .
• Ensure Headphone is connected.
• Switch to X1 Scale.
• Re-Check Background.
• Survey moving probe 2-3 inches per second _at_ 1
  above the surface.
• Consider Person / Vehicle or Object contaminated
  if readings are 100 CPM or greater above
  background.
• Probe will only detect Alphas with Plastic Bag
  removed ! Increasing risk of contamination ! Be
  Careful !!

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CD V-715 Survey Meter
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CD V-715 Characteristics
Range
0 - 500 R/hr

Use
High level Gamma / X -Radiation
l
related to



WMD Attacks

Industrial Accidents
Backup to CD V-700 when
l
entering unknown radiation
environment
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CD V-715 Operational Check
Step 1 Turn meter off. Step 2 Open unit,
install battery (observe polarity).
Step 3 Turn selector switch
Zero wait two minutes for warm-up.
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CD V-715 Operational Check
Step 4 Adjust needle position to "0" on face.
Zeroing assures accuracy. When zeroing meter,
detector does not respond to radiation. Step
5 Hold selector switch to Circuit Check
position to test battery strength, proper
installation, and meter circuits. Observe a
needle deflection on meter face near red area
marked Circuit Check.
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CD V-715 Operational Check
Step 6 Test operation of each range by
rotating selector switch to each position,
observing meter deflection.
When not in radiation field, needle should not
move further than 0.3 on X100, X10, and X1 scales
and .6 on the X0.1 scale.
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CD V-715 Limitations

• Detects only
• Radiation
• Gamma radiation

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CD V-715 Meter Face 1
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CD V-715 Meter Face 2
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CD V-715 Meter Face 3
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Other Survey Meters

• CD V-718A / ADM300
• Eberline RO-20 Ion Chamber
• Ludlum Model 3
• Ludlum Model 19 Micro R
• Ludlum Model 2241

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Dosimetry Exposure Control

• Monitoring and Controlling your Radiation
  Exposures

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Direct Reading Dosimeters

• Measure Gamma/X-Radiation.
• Come in varying ranges.
• Provide continuous real-time radiation exposure
  information.
• Are worn in pairs (200 mR and 20R ) by emergency
  responders.
• Can be re-used and transferred to other emergency
  workers.
• Are tested and calibrated annually by MEMA.

CD V- 730 - 20 R
CD V- 138 - 200 mR
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Direct Reading Dosimetry Indication
SCALE
MILLIROENTGEN
0
100
50
150
200

HAIRLINE Indicating total external exposure
Low Range DRD
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Reading the Dosimeter
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Reading the Direct Reading Dosimeter
Instrument Low Range Model
CDV-138 Scale 0-200 mR
MILLIROENTGEN
0
100
50
200
50
150
Initial Reading 0 mR
MILLIROENTGEN
Final Reading 50 mR Total Dose 50 mR
0
100
200
50
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Reading the Direct Reading Dosimeter
Instrument Mid Range Model CDV-730
Scale 0-20R
ROENTGENS
5
0
20
15
10
Initial Reading 0 R
Final Reading 3 R Total Dose 3 R
ROENTGENS
10
5
15
0
20
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Reading the Direct Reading Dosimeter
Instrument__________ Scale__________

MILLIROENTGEN
0
100
200
20
40
60
80
120
140
160
180
Initial Reading_________
Final Reading _____
MILLIROENTGEN
0
100
200
20
40
60
80
120
140
160
180
Total Dose ______
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Reading the Direct Reading Dosimeter
Instrument__________ Scale __________

ROENTGENS
20
15
10
5
0
Initial Reading __________
Final Reading______
ROENTGENS
0
10
20
5
Total Dose _______
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CD V-750 Dosimeter Charger
Zero Adjust Knob
Charging Contact
Case Fastener
HD D Cell
Cap and Chain
Dosimeter
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CD V-750 Preparation for Use

• Step 1 Install one D cell battery.
• Remove center screw and open unit.
• Observe polarity.

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CD V-750 Preparation for Use
Step 2 Remove cap, top left corner. Press
dosimeter FIRMLY onto

charging contact . Step
3 Turn knob until meter reads 0.
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Dosimetry Packet Contents

• 1 Low Range DRD
• 1 Mid Range DRD
• 1 TLD
• Neck Chain
• 1 Emergency Worker Exposure Form
• 1 Potassium Iodide (KI) Tablet
• If advised by MPDH

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DRD Limits for Emergency Workers
Initial DRD Limit 175 mR
DRD Reporting Levels 100mR low range
DRD 175mR low range DRD Each 1R increase mid
range DRD
Higher limits may be established during the
emergency by MDPH. Higher limits may be set for
all emergency workers or for individuals who are
performing special missions.
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Dosimetry Placement

• Dosimetry should be placed
• in the center of the chest
• between the neck and waist
• on the outside layer of clothing
• Wear all dosimetry in the same location

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Emergency Worker Responsibilities

• When directed - read DRDs every 15 minutes
• Report the following readings to your Dosimetry
  Coordinator
• - 100 mR on Low Range DRD
• - 175 mR on Low Range DRD
• - Each 1R increment on Mid Range
  
  DRD.

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Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters ( TLDs)
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Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters ( TLDs)

• Provides the Legal Permanent Record of an
  emergency workers Radiation Exposure.
• Passively and Continuously Measures Beta and
  Gamma Radiation Exposures.
• Have a separate Beta and Gamma chip for radiation
  measurement.
• Cannot be read in the field by Emergency
  Workers. Must be read by a NVLAP Accredited
  Facility (Landauer, Inc.).
• Are identical to the TLDs used by Emergency
  Workers in the Pilgrim EPZ..

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Whole Body and Control TLDs

• 6 ea. Whole Body Wallet TLDs and 1 ea. Control
  TLD per Set..
• Ideal plan is to issue 2 ea. TLDs Per shift x 3
  shifts for 24 hour coverage.
• Can issue all 6 TLDs for larger staffing if
  emergency warrants.

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Landauer TLD (Front View)

• Donned by Emergency Workers along with DRDs.
• Must Clip to TLD and place on neck chain.
• Are not transferable to other emergency workers.
• Must be returned annually to MEMA for exchange.

Anneal or Start Date
TLD Serial Number
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Landauer Wallet Whole Body TLD (Rear
View)
Assignment Instructions
Return To Instructions
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Control TLDs (1 Issued Per Set)

• Always stored in CDV-777 carton with other TLDs
  .
• Should never be issued to personnel .
• Are used to subtract normal background from
  emergency worker field exposures.
• Control TLD must be kept away from the Hot
  Zone to avoid exposures.
• To avoid exposures leave CDV-777 in COLD ZONE
  .