Selling an Idea or a Product

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Navigation and Migration I. Orientation with
Landmarks
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks requires -- compass
(reference pt. for direction) -- map

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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 1. sun
compass -- moves 15o /hr -- in N
hemisphere, moves through southern arc of
sky -- requires inherent time sense
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 1. sun
compass a. Honey bee waggle dance
marathon dances
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Honey bee waggle dance video
Waggle run
Distance duration of waggle run Direction
orientation of waggle run relative to vertical
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135o R
0o
Distance duration of waggle run Direction
orientation of waggle run relative to vertical
92oR
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6 AM
E
N
S
W
Waggle run
9
E
6 AM
45o
N
9 AM
S
W
5o
10
6 AM
E
45o
N
9 AM
135o
S
W
5o
135o
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E
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
site
hive
S
W
12
8 AM 30o L
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
sun
8AM, 30oL
site
hive
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8 AM 30o L
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
sun
8AM, 30oL
10 AM 60oL
sun
site
10AM, 60oL
hive
6 PM, 180o
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8 AM 30o L
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
sun
8AM, 30oL
10 AM 60oL
sun
site
10AM, 60oL
12 N 90oL
sun
12 N, 90oL
hive
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8 AM 30o L
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
sun
8AM, 30oL
10 AM 60oL
sun
site
10AM, 60oL
12 N 90oL
sun
12 N, 90oL
hive
2 PM, 120oL
sun
2 PM 120oL
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8 AM 30o L
sun
6 AM 0o
6AM, 0o
sun
8AM, 30oL
10 AM 60oL
sun
site
10AM, 60oL
12 N 90oL
sun
12 N, 90oL
hive
2 PM, 120oL
sun
2 PM 120oL
sun
6 PM, 180o
6 PM 180o
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 1. sun
compass b. Pigeons
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N
loft
Transport 50 km E
W
E
release
S
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 1. sun
compass b. Pigeons displacement
experiment (time shift experiment)
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Navigation and Migration Pigeons displacement
experiment (time shift experiment) 1212 LD
cycle lights on 12 midnight off 12 noon
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N
loft
Transport 50 km E
W
E
Release 12 noon
X
S
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 2.
polarized light -- honey bees
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 3.
stellar compass
Orion constellation
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Migratory Restlessness (zugunruhe)
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Migratory restlessness
N
W
E
S
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N
N
W
E
W
E
S
S
Orion in South
Orion in West
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 4.
magnetic compass honey bees
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 4.
magnetic compass pigeons
sunny day

cloudy day
With magnets
Without magnets
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks A. Compasses 5.
backup systems for compasses
-- honey bees -- pigeons 1o sun 1o
sun 2o polarized light 2o magnetic
compass 3o magnetic compass landmarks
can override all
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks B. Maps
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks B. Maps 1.
genetically determined maps travel for X
distance in X direction a. Displacement
experiment European stork
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O
O
X

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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks B. Maps 1.
genetically determined maps travel for X
distance in X direction b. Hybridization
experiments European black cap warbler
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Germany
Hungary
N
N
W
E
W
E
Hybrids
S
S
N
E
W
S
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Navigation and Migration II. Orientation
without Landmarks B. Maps 2.
non-genetic maps olfactory maps
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untreated
treated