Last Day of Natural Disasters

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Last Day of Natural Disasters!

• Earthquakes (Video and Slides)
• Relief Efforts for Natural Disasters
• Animals and Natural Disasters

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Earthquakes!
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What is an Earthquake Anyway?

• Sudden release of stored elastic energy caused by
  the sudden fracture and movement of rocks along a
  fault.

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Fault lines

• What is a fault?
• An area of stress in the crust
• When slippage or displacement occurs in fractures
  in the earths crust
• Faults range in length from a few centimetres to
  many hundreds of kilometres

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Normal and Reverse Faults

• rock masses slip vertically past each other.

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Transform and Thrust Faults

• The rock masses slip past each other
  horizontally

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Richter Scale

• based on the energy release and is a measure of
  the intensity of ground motion as recorded on
  seismographs
• Every increase of one number in magnitude means
  the ground motion is 10 times greater

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Other Keywords

• Aftershock
• Result of readjustment of the plates along the
  fault zones
• Epicentre
• Point on the earths suface directly above the
  focus

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Impact of Earthquakes

• Most people killed in earthquakes are killed by
  collapsed buildings
• Can destroy electrical transmission lines and gas
  and sewage lines.
• Fires also cause major damage to regions effected
  by earthquake

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Tsunami

• Tsunami is a Japanese word for meaning harbour
  wave.
• Tsunamis are actually caused by mudflows,
  landslides, earthquakes or volcanoes that take
  place on the ocean floor
• The most common cause of tsunamis are earthquakes.

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• The earthquake tremor can set off a giant wave
  that travels at tremendous speeds across the
  ocean surface.
• In open waters, these waves may not be very
  large, but their height increases as they
  approach the shore and their length decreased.

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Case Studies

• 2004 Tsunami in the Indian Ocean
• By the end of the day more than 150,000 people
  were dead or missing and millions more were
  homeless in 11 countries, making it perhaps the
  most destructive tsunami in history.

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• 9.0 Earthquake in the Indian Ocean
• Witnesses say wave was 50 metres high with speeds
  of more than 600 km/h

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Case Studies

• In 1946 a series of four tsunami waves triggered
  by an earthquake struck the island of Hawaii,
  killing 160 people and smashing ships, harbour
  facilities and buildings to splinters.
• A 1964 earthquake in Alaska killed 114, as ten
  tsunamis struck the coastline in quick
  succession. The most powerful wave was estimated
  to be nearly 10 m high and traveling more than
  300km/h

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Relief Efforts and Natural Disasters

• Organizations
• Brad Pitt
• How they deliver assistance

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Examples of Organizations

• Red Cross
• Oxfam
• Save the Children
• Unicef
• CARE

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How they Help

• works with governments and other humanitarian
  organizations to provide for people's basic needs
  food, clothing, shelter, first aid, emotional
  support and family reunification.

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• Children are particularly vulnerable in
  emergencies because they are physically weaker
  than adults and risk being separated from their
  families..
• At an international level we lobby for more money
  to be spent on protecting children in emergencies

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• CARE Canada's mission is to serve individuals
  and families in the poorest communities in the
  world. Drawing strength from our global
  diversity, resources and experience, we promote
  innovative solutions and are advocates for global
  responsibility.

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• Imagine going through the trauma of this, of
  watching everything you own be swept away, maybe
  loss of life, and then sitting in this limbo for
  a year. Wanting to get your life back. But not
  knowing whether it's even possible.
• Brad Pitt on re-building New Orleans

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Animals and Natural Disasters

• Can animals sense natural disasters?
• Article and discussion questions
• Animals and the 2004 Tsunami
• no evidence of widespread animal deaths from the
  tsunami
• Elephants breaking chains to get up hill

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