Life at the Turn of the Century

1
Life at the Turn of the Century

• 1877 1917
• Chapter 8
• US History

2
Technology and City Life

• Urban Planning
• Space, transportation, and communication
• Skyscrapers by
• Louis Sullivan
• Electric transit
• Elevated trains
• el trains
• Steel-cable suspension bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)

3
Science of Urban Planning

• Parks and Recreation
• Fredrick Olmsted, Central Park
• Daniel Burnham, Chicago

4
Technologies Transforming Communications

• Airplanes for Mail Delivery
• Wright Brothers
• Kitty Hawk, NC Dec. 1903
• Intercontinental mail flights, 1920
• Printing Revolution
• William Bullock
• Web-perfecting press
• Linotype
• Personal Camera
• George Eastman

5
Education

• Greater Educational Opportunities
• By 1900 ¾s of children between 8-14 went to
  school
• Industrialization led to need of higher level
  skills

6
Access to Education

• Segregated
• Racial Discrimination
• Less access for minorities
• W.E.B. Dubois
• For desegregation
• Booker T. Washington
• Against desegregation
• African-American Institutes
• Fisk, Howard and Hampton

Kindergarten Attendance
7
Higher Education

• College for Upper Economic Classes
• 2.3 attended
• Research Universities
• Science, Math, Engineering and Economics
• Medical School
• Based hygiene on practices from France Germany

8
Education Influences Culture
Picassos Abstract Art
Eakins realism
Museums, Galleries, and Libraries
Popular fiction Mark Twain, Willa Cather, Jack
London
9
Segregation

• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Jim Crow Laws

10
Discrimination

• Ida B. Wells anti lynching crusade
• Between 1885 and 1900 2,500 blacks lynched
• Voting restriction
• Literacy tests, Grandfather clause, poll tax, Jim
  Crow Laws
• Social Etiquette
• Northern Discrimination
• Jobs, pay, education and neighborhoods
• Western Discrimination
• Debt peonage, National Reclamation Act, Chinese
  Exclusion Act

11
Dawn of Mass Culture
Snack Food Hersheys, Coca Cola
Bicycling and Tennis
Spectator sports Baseball, boxing
Newspapers sin, sex, and sensation Joseph
Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst
12
New Ways to Sell Goods

• Financial Districts, entertainment and hotel
  districts
• Shopping centers
• Department Stores
• Marshall Field
• Chicago 1865
• Give the lady what she wants
• Chain Stores
• Mail Order Catalogues
• Free Delivery