Reminder:

1
Reminder

• Projects Due 10 December

end
2
Reading Assignment
Chapter 24 Flounders, Puffers, and Molas
ocean sunfish (Mola mola)
end
3
Communication continued

• Visual Signals continued
• Thermoregulation
• Intraspecific communication
• Evasion of predators
• 2. Auditory Signals

end
4
poster colors--complex color patterns (common in
reef fish)
end
5
Function of Poster colors

• advertisement of territory ownership
• contact between foragers
• intraspecific communication of sex, status,
  maturity (Labridae, Scaridae)
• predator avoidance--cryptic on color background
• aposmatic coloration--advertisement of danger
  (poison spines)

end
6
poster colors
butterfly fish
end
7
poster colors
end
8
poster colors
queen angelfish
end
9
poster colors
end
10
poster colors
lionfish--aposmatic coloration
end
11
disruptive coloration--patterns that disrupt
outline
flicker fusion--patterned fish against patterned
background
end
12
disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
13
disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
14
disruptive coloration
camouflage
end
15
disruptive coloration
camouflage
guitarfish
end
16
disruptive coloration
camouflage
leafy seadragon
end
17
eye concealment
end
18
eye concealment
end
19
eye concealment
end
20
eye enhancement
end
21
eye enhancement
end
22
eyespots
end
23
lateral stripes
common in schooling spp
For orientation pred. confusion
end
24
lateral stripes
end
25
polychromatism

• different colors in different individuals
• ex midas cichlid
• gold morphs win comp. for food
• rarely common in wild (prob. due to pred.)
• ex annual killifish
• brightly colored morphs dominant--greater
  reproductive success early
• dull forms live longer--rep. success later in
  season

end
26
Midas cichlid
27
annual killifish
28
special patterns

• Ex egg-shaped spots on male cichlids
• mouth brooders
• females take eggs into mouth after laying
• attempts to pick up dummy eggs aids
  fertilization

end
29
egg spots
end
30
photophores
dragonfish
Light producing cells
Most common in twilight-zone fishes 300-1000 m
Self-liminescence--liciferin/luciferace chem.
react
Symbiotic luminescence--luminescent bacteria in
gland-like structures
end
31
photophores
lanternfish
end
32
Communication continued

• 1. Visual Signals
• 2. Auditory Signals

33
Auditory Signals--for communication

• Stridulation -- produced by bone-to-bone contact
• occurs in Catfishes (Ictaluridae, Ariidae)
• pectoral spines rub against socket
• amplified by swim bladder
• Vibrating muscles swim bladder
• Sciaenidae (drum family)

34
stridulation
Ariidae -- hardhead catfish
35
stridulation
Ictaluridae -- channel catfish
36
sound production through muscle vibration
Sciaenidae
37
end
38
Zoogeography of Freshwater Fish

• Defn Study of geographic distribution of animals

39
Zoogeographic Types of FW Fishes

• 1. Euryhaline marine fishes - can enter FW
• Ex bull shark saw fishes
• common in areas where FW fish not well developed
  (e.g. Central America)

40
Zoogeographic Types of Fishes continued

• 2. Obligatory Freshwater Fishes - must spend at
  least part of life cycle in FW
• 2a. Freshwater Dispersants - SW is barrier
• Ex Ostariophysi Esosidae Percidae
  Poeciliidae Lepisosteidae Cichlidae
• 2b. Saltwater Dispersants - SW not barrier
• Ex diadromous fishes anguillids gobies
  salmon
• Give rise to non-migratory forms (FW drum)

41
Factors affecting distribution of fishes

• Center of origin--distribution of ancestors
• distribution of proto-species or higher taxon

42
Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued

• Time of origin--first appearance of species
• geological changes
• sea level
• mountain building/erosion
• stream capture
• continental drift - position of continents
• change in physical variables (temp., salinity)
• dispersal takes time

43
Stream capture
river
land barrier
saltwater barrier
river
Ocean
44
Stream capture
river
river
Ocean
45
Factors affecting distribution of fishes continued

• Dispersion Avenues/Barriers
• physical
• temperature salinity
• divides deserts
• biotic
• disease competitors predators

46
Fish Distribution
barrier
A
time
avenue
47
Tectonic plates continental drift
Continental drift has changed barriers/avenues
48
Geologic Time Scale
49
Lungfishes present (Devonian) ancestors of
sturgeons paddlefish
Asia
Euramerica
SA
Africa
Ind.
Aus.
Ant.
Permian 225 MYA
50
Ancestors of gars and bowfin
Triassic--200 MYA
51
Origin of Teleostei
Asia
Euramerica
Africa
SA
Ind.
Aus.
Ant.
Jurassic -- 135 MYA
52
NA
Asia
Europe
Africa
Ind.
SA
Aus.
Ant.
Cretaceous -- 65 MYA
53
end
54
Reminder Lab Exam on Fishes next week

• 100 points (50 questions)
• Primarily identification (class, order, family,
  species, etc) Also possibly questions from lab
  handouts and notes.
• Ex What is the lowest taxon that includes
  species on display?
• Only taxa on your lab handouts will be answers
• Either standardized common or scientific names
  for species are acceptable (Primary answer 2 pts/
  Secondary answer ½ point extra credit)
• Tip Step 1--learn to recognize fish Step
  2learn species names and higher taxa
• Study by quizzing yourself (test your long-term
  memory)
• Doors to lab open this week.
• Lab will be closed Mon. for exam setup

end