Urban Environmental Management in Lao PDR

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Urban Environmental Managementin Lao PDR
Welcome

• Presented by BANG ON SAYARATH

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City Profile

• Geography
• Land area 3920 km2
• Capital Vientiane
• Neighboring to Thailand in the west with the
  length of Mekong River is about 170 km
• Number of district9 ( 4 Urban, 5 suburbs)

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• Number of population in Vientiane 616.000 (4
  Urban Dist.
• Women 51
• Number of villages 494 (in 4 U dist
• No of household 105.633

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Climate

• A typical monsoon climate with two distinct
  seasons Rainy season and Dry season (Rainy
  season from May to October and dry season from
  November to April).
• An average annual rainfall is around 1,500 mm
• The average highest temperature about 35-38ºC and
  lowest temperature about 16-18 ºC

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Industry

• Industries Tin, gypsum, mining, lumber,
  textiles, beverages, bricks, tiles, pottery,
  cigarettes and cement.
• Handicrafts Carvings, silk, cotton, silver,
  pottery, jewelry, traditional musical
  instruments, wicker ware.
• Lao PDR has a very law industrial development, so
  that industrial pollution issues are at an early
  stage. The main pollution issues are garbage
  disposal and sewage treatment in the cities.
• 79 industries of whole country (59 in Vientiane,
  18 in Savannakhet, Thakhek, and Pakse, with
  remaining in Borikhamsay.

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Urban Planning

• Responsibilities on urban planning decentralized
• Strengthening urban planning development and
  management
• Highest priority to rural areas and sustainable
  development
• Increase in urbanization
• 1995 17.1 population lives in urban areas
• 2002 30 -35population lives in urban areas
• Population density increase in Vientiane
• 19 persons/km2 to 157,1 persons/sq.km

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Status Urban Environment

• The main urban environmental problems in Lao are
  as follows
• Solid waste management
• Water Supply and Sanitation
• Wastewater Management
• Storm Water Drainage

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Solid Waste Management

• Only five major towns have a solid waste
  collection and disposal in Vientiane and four
  Secondary Town.
• In Vientiane
• Vientiane Integrated Urban Development Project
  loan (ADB)
• B. Solid Waste Management System in Vientiane
  Urban Area grant (JICA)
• The main rational of these projects were to
  improve the urban Environment through
  appropriate urban infrastructure development
• and effective and sustainable management of
  urban services.

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Waste Composition in Vientiane
Source Vientiane Urban Department Administrative
Authority (VUDAA), 2002
Average of waste generation in Vientiane is
about o.8 kg/person/day
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Solid Waste Management (cont.)
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Solid Waste Management (cont.)

• Hazardous waste Situation According to the
  Projects activities of solid waste management in
  secondly town has covered the following
  activities
• Define toxic and hazardous waste in the context
  Lao PDR and prepare a Profile of the sources and
  types of toxic and hazardous waste. Produced and
  dumped and forecast future increases.
• Established Temporary hazardous waste store
  depots either at the landfill sites or any other
  appropriate site.
• Conduct feasibility studies on ways to store
  hazardous waste in an environmentally sustainable
  manner.
• Even though, the Project had been finished since
  June 30, 2002.

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Old burner for the hospital waste in a military
hospital
Small incineration in urban center of capital
city

• About 300-400 kg/day of wastes are disposed by
  small incineration on hospital.
• Low infectious and general wastes are transferred
  to landfill site

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• Only one small incineration for infectious waste.
• The hospital waste collection frequency is twice
  per week

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Waste Disposal in Landfill Site

• Non-hazardous and low infectious wastes are
  disposed in sanitary landfill
• 70 of hospital wastes transferred to sanitary
  landfill

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The existing situation of sanitary landfill
Waste separation at the sanitary landfill
Savannakhets sanitary landfill
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Current situation of Sanitary landfill
After sanitary landfill closed
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Wastewater Management

• There is only 1 Municipal waste water Treatment
  plant in the Lao P D R, it is Located in Honk
  village, Vientiane city.
• Beside this there are some industrial wastewater
  treatment plant in Vientiane municipality and in
  the secondary towns such as for the tenure,
  paper, brewery, sugar.
• The full capacity of this wastewater treatment
  plant is to treat wastewater produced from about
  130,000 inhabitants and it comprises of 6
  stabilization ponds in parallel (210x70m). The
  average inflow rate is 19,200 m3/day the
  influent BOD5 is 226 mg/l and the retention time
  is 7 days. After treatment, the estimated
  effluent BOD5 is 60 mg/l.

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Storm Water Drainage

• Storm water drainage in most urban areas consists
  of roadside drains leading to natural streams or
  rivers.
• Drain are generally not inter connected and donut
  from a new work, in the large Towns, drains are
  lined in the town center areas and covered in
  front of commercial establishments.
• Water in the drainage system is contaminated with
  effluent from septic tanks and latrines,
  presenting a very direct health risk.
• The absence of overall drainage plans with a
  functioning integrated network and lack of clear
  arrangements for maintenance, combine to cause
  flooding and stagnant water in the most parts of
  the urban

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The main issues of UEM

• Water supply, sanitation, and drainage Village
  are still small population densities are louse,
  private caroler ship is still minimal and
  industrial activity is onto emerging in some of
  the largest towns.
• Drainage stagnant polluted waste water in open
  road side drains.
• Sanitation the present systems of on site
  disposal of human waste need improving
• Solid waste solution to the growing problem waste
  in the larger town
• Dust growing use have motorized vehicles on
  unpaved roads

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Urban water supply existing urban water supply
system generally in poor condition, due to the
virtual absence of maintenance and inadequate
investments during the past two decades. This has
resulted in significant water leakage, in
filtration, and contamination of inadequate
funding and limited technical skills of water
supply operators and supply technicians.
The main issues of UEM (cont.)
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The main issues of UEM (cont.)

• Storm water drainage is also a serious issue in
  Vientiane, and to a lesser extent in pakse and
  savannakhat
• Wastewater problem in Vientiane is being seduced
  to some extent in sesames to construction of a
  treatment facility in the lung area.
• Water tested from along the Mekong riverbank
  wells in the past found to be polluted with high
  fecal Streptococcus counts.
• Operations in both water supply and sanitation
  are further more seriously constrained by the
  lack of equipment, supplies and operational
  budgets.

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1. Urban infrastructure

• Government strategies on the development and
  maintenance of urban infra structure are based on
  achieving sustainable and affordable
  environmental improvement of its main 58 two ADB
  projects have been active in upgrading the water
  supply system in Vientiane and in several
  southern provincial capitals.
• Urban developement planning should be aimed at
  bringing Phys sisal improvements to the present
  situation.
• It should also introduce institutional and legal
  changes that can protect the urban environment in
  the future.

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2. Water supply

• Urban water supply coverage from present 48 to
  55 by the end of the deceit it also aims at
  providing pipe water supply to all 17 provincial
  capitals by the early 2005.
• Development programs house connection to 80 of
  urban populations in all urban with a total
  population over 5.000.

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3. Drainage

• A functioning urban drainage net work is sugared
  as the basis for improving the urban environment
  and living conditions.
• Drainage master pals for the urban areas,
  covering all urban catchments shall be prepared.
• Plans shall emphasize the need for creating and
  maintaining functioning drainage network,
  including identification of final points of
  discharge.

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4. Wastewater Management

• In the absence of waste water collection and
  centralize treatment systems in the country. The
  Gold intends to formulate a loony-term national
  wastewater strategy to quire any future
  investment.
• Governments focus is on improving the
  functioning on-site systems for human waste
  disposal through
• 1. Community education programs, 2.
  Incentives for self-help improvement of private
• 3. Introducing and enforcing building
  regulation and
• 4. Providing facilities for improved
  maintenance of on-site systems.

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5. Solid waste management

• All cantata management system shall be based on
• Full coverage of the urban areas
• Full fee paying
• A minimum investment in mechanical equipment.
• An emphasis on organization and community
  mobilization
• Government aims at seducing the volume of waste
  by encouraging a waste seduction at source and by
  encouraging farmland informal se-cycling by
  communities.

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Organization Involved in UEM

• 1. Macro level Management
• Ministry of Communication Transport Post and
  Construction and its Department of Housing and
  Urban Planning
• Science Technology and Environment Authority
• Ministry of Public Health
• Ministry of Industry
• Ministry of Education
• 2. Micro level Management
• Division of Communication Transport Post and
  Construction, Division of Public Health, Division
  of Industry, Division of Education and Science
  Technology and Environment Office that belong to
  the Provincial Governor

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Environment Regulatory Framework and National
Policy Structure

• The Lao PDR has been realized that Environmental
  pollution is not only the international problem,
  which requires a common response, but it was also
  the national problem and it is necessary to
  prevent and control the problem in early.
• The Governments Policy is to integrate
  Environmental concerns into other development
  planning, particularly the national
  socioeconomic development plan and developed
  strategies to protect environment. There are
  numbers of legislation which are either directly
  or indirectly associated with atmospherics
  pollution and natural resource management in Lao
  PDR.

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Environment Laws and Regulations

• Industrial waste water Regulation. Ministry of
  Industry and Handicraft, 1995.
• Environmental Protection Law (adopted April 3,
  1999)
• Law on water and water resources (promulgated in
  1996)
• Domestic Waste Water Regulation (STEA), May, 1998
• Regulations on Solid Waste Management at
  Hospital, Health Center and Private Clinic
  (drafting March 2003, MPH)
• Technical Standards for Solid Waste Disposal
  Sites (drafting April 2003, MCTPC)
• Environmental Standards (drafting June 2002 by
  Environment Research Institute, Environment
  Quality Monitoring Center. STEA)
• Regulation on Waste Collection Management in
  Urban Areas (drafting July 2003, MCTPC)

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Urban environment problems are growing day by day
especially in urban areas of the country. The
Poor management of urban environment has negative
impacts in the environment of location as well as
associated health rinks. There is lack of
reliable data on these issues even in urban areas
of Lao P D R.More over, the community awareness
is important for managing of urban environment,
at the same time, the rules and regulations
should also be developed accordingly.
Conclusion
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Thank you for your attention