Citation Format

1
Citation Format

• Internal citations are notes that writers use to
  tell readers they are using ideas that were
  thought up by someone else. All sentences that
  have ideas that originated in someone elses
  brain must be cited. Both the author cited and
  the page number of the source are important for
  the internal citation. Use the following general
  format in your internal citations (authors last
  name page number). Ex. (Postelli 63) There is
  no punctuation. Internal citations get tricky
  because not all sources have authors names
  listed. The following slides will help you
  format your internal citations correctly.
• If you have included a fact that is considered
  common knowledge (it can be found in more than
  one source) you do not need to cite that fact.
  Never use two direct quotations next to each
  other. After each quotation, you need to explain
  why the quote is significant. Think Why did I
  use this quote in my paper?

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Citation Format

• 1. Any quotation must be cited. Generally,
  introduce any paraphrase or direct quotation with
  the name of the author. Then, indicate the page
  number of the source in parentheses at the end of
  the material
• French observes that one night Cal becomes angry
  with Aaron and takes him to visit "Kate's circus"
  (146).
• 2. When you do not use the author's name to
  introduce the quoted or paraphrased matter, place
  the author's name along with the specific page
  number in parentheses at the end of the material
  
• However, unlike his mother, Cal has "recognized
  the evil in himself, and is ready to act for
  good" (Cooperman 88).
• 3. You can indicate a paragraph taken from a
  single source by mentioning the author's name at
  the beginning of the paragraph and giving the
  parenthetical citation at the end
• Judging from Steinbeck's description, Cathy Ames
  is a beautiful, yet demon-like child. She has an
  innocent heart-shaped face, golden hair, wide-set
  hazel eyes, a delicate and thin nose and high,
  wide cheekbones. She has a child's figure--narrow
  hips, straight legs, delicate arms and tiny
  hands. Her voice is "soft and husky--so sweet as
  to become irresistible, fascinating, and
  horrible" (Steinbeck 73).

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Citation Format

• 4. When you have two works by the same author,
  identify them by the author, abbreviated title,
  and page number of the source
• According to Lisca, Samuel, who has been working
  in the field all day, "associates the buried
  meteorite (falling star, hence Lucifer), which
  wrecks his well drill with Cathy" (Wide World
  269). After her children's birth Cathy is once
  again compared with a serpent. Lisca comments
  that "Cathy gives birth to the twins as easily as
  a snake lays eggs" (Nature and Myth 168).
• 5. When it is apparent that your citations refer
  to the same work, you need not repeat the
  author's name. The page number is enough
• Steinbeck says it is "easy to say she was had,
  but there is little meaning unless we know why"
  (184). The questions of Cathy's wicked and sinful
  existence "goes forever unanswered--just as the
  'reason' for the presence of evil itself goes
  unanswered" (184).
• 6a. When using a quotation that is four lines or
  longer in your text, you need to set the quote in
  a block that is indented 10 spaces from the left
  margin and remains double spaced.
• 6b. When using the block, you do not use
  quotation marks, and you need to place the period
  before the citation, unlike a citations for a
  quote less than four lines where the period is
  placed after the citation.

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Citation Format

• 7. Quotation Within Short Quotation When you are
  quoting within a quote the regular quotation
  marks are placed at the beginning and the end
  of the entire quotation. Place single
  quotations around the speakers words.
• The report further stated, "All great writing
  styles have their wellsprings in the personality
  of the writer. As Buffon said, 'The style is the
  man'" (Duncan 49).
• 8. Unkown Author- Use the complete title in a
  signal phrase or a shortened form of the title in
  the parenthetical.
• In California, fish and game officials estimate
  that since 1972 lion numbers have increased from
  2,400 to at least 6,000 ("Lion" A21).
• 9. In a work from an anthology, Include the name
  of the author, not the editor of the anthology,
  in the signal phrase or the parenthetical.
• At the end of Kate Chopin's "The Story of an
  Hour," Mrs Mallard drops dead upon learning that
  her husband is alive. In the final irony of the
  story, doctors report that she has died of a "joy
  the kills" (25).
• 10. Internet Sources When using an internet
  source, use the authors name or 1st word of the
  article title. Do not use the page number in the
  text.
• Ex Babe Ruth hit his 59 home run on August 21
  in 1927 making him the all time leader in home
  runs (Baseball) or (Smith).