Number of mammal extinctions in National Parks in western North America as a function of park size'

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Number of mammal extinctions in National Parks in
western North America as a function of park size.
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• Topics
• The pieces that make up the landscape
• How landscape structure influences landscape
  function (ecological flows) and organisms)
• Case study on forest fragmentation in EDF.

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Patches - are places in the landscape that are
similar in a factor of interest (cover type, land
use, soil type, land form).
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Patches - are places in the landscape that are
similar in a factor of interest (cover type, land
use, soil type, land form). Ecotones -
transition zones between patches (e.g., veg
transition, soil transition).
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Patches - are places in the landscape that are
similar in a factor of interest (cover type, land
use, soil type, land form). Ecotones -
transition zones between patches (e.g., veg
transition, soil transition). Measures of
landscape structure Patch composition (richness,
evenness, diversity) Patch size/shape Patch
spatial patterning (nearest neighbor distance
juxtapositioning) Ecotones (length, width,
contrast).
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Forest Patches
Disturbance Patches
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Hypotheses about edge effects
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Bird distributions across clearcut/forest edges
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Population Source Area a habitat where birth
rate exceeds death rate and the excess
individuals disperse elsewhere. Population Sink
Area - a habitat where birth rate is below death
rate and population density is maintained by
immigrants from source populations. Metapopulatio
n a network of semi-isolated populations with
some level of migration among them, in which
subpopulations may go extinct without immigrants
from other subpopulations.
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Implications for Forest Management Think
Landscape, stand scale is no longer
enough Quantify key variables over the
landscape abiotic factors, vegetation cover,
structure, NPP, human land use Location of units
in the landscape place intensive harvest
intelligently on landscape. Harvest unit size
and shape- vary these to provide for more
species, beware of fragmenting forest. Harvest
unit juxtapositioning rather than staggered
setting, aggregate units in some areas to avoid
fragmenting other areas.