Sleep Disorders

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Sleep Disorders

• By Eric DeKeyzer, Kacie Kabela, Steven Phelps,
  and Stephanie Phelps

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Jet Lag

• Cause by the mismatch between the bodys internal
  circadian rhythm and the phase of the local
  nychthemeral time.
• 1/3 of people do not seem to be affected. It can
  range in severity from mild to strong.
• Symptoms last for a few days and include sleep
  disturbance, daytime tiredness, reduced
  concentration, slower reaction time,
  irritability, and general disorientation.

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Jet Lag

• It can contribute to travel paranoia
• When traveling eastward there is difficulty
  falling asleep, and when traveling westward there
  is early awakenings.
• Jet lag is greater when traveling east than west.

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Jet Lag

• Take 1 recovery day for each time zone crossed
  west and 1 and ½ days when east. The occurs
  because the circadian rhythm insists on delaying
  rather than advancing.
• Keep to the times of the area, such as eating,
  sleeping, and generally being active.
• Melatonin can also help.

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Daylight Savings Time

• Spring ahead (spring) vs. fall back (fall)
• Lose one hour of sleep
• Sleep deprivation
• Change in sleep patterns
• Affects Circadian Rhythm

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Snoring

• Results of the narrowing of the air passages
  during sleep, allowing the soft palate to vibrate
  
• Results in low oxygen levels and high blood
  pressure
• Worsened by obesity, alcohol, smoking
• Not all people who snore have sleep apnea, even
  though those who have sleep apnea snore

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Shift Work

• Working anytime other than day or night
• Rotating between working during the day and at
  other time

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Shift Work Difficulties

• People over 50
• Morning types
• Long sleepers
• Those with chronic illness or sleep disorder
• Average shift workers get 5-7 hours less of sleep
  a week

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Sources of Problems

• Poor quality and quantity of sleep
• Disrupted circadian rhythms
• Trying to sleep when circadian rhythm tells them
  to be awake
• Just get circadian rhythms synchronized with
  current shift and then switch to another
• Those who work permanently work the non day shift
  often assume a day sleep awake pattern
• Domestic/Social problems
• Pressure to do other things during the day than
  sleep

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Poor quality and quantity

• Sleep is fragmented by arousal
• Results
• Social isolation
• 57 higher divorce rates
• More negative moods
• More emotional problems
• Higher incidence of sleeping disorders stomach
  and intestinal problems, and cardiovascular
  illness

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Treatment

• Teach shift workers about good sleep hygiene
• Maintain bright workplace, very dark sleeping
  place
• Use sleeping pills if neccessary

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Nightmares

• Nightmare, where mara means to crush
• Frightening dream awakening the sleeper
• Full alertness upon awakening
• Moderate increase in heart rate and breathing
  rate
• Usually occur 10 minutes into a REMS episode
  during last half of sleep period

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Bad Dreams (Anxiety Dreams)

• The person does not awaken during dreams, but
  recalls the disturbing content upon awakening
  later
• Important factor is whether the nightmare or bad
  dream has a negative effect on waking life, not
  whether the person is awakened during the
  experience

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Bad Dreams cont.

• Frequent between 3 and 8 years of age
• Mostly reported during times of crisis, loss, and
  trauma.

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Night Terrors

• Child partially arouses suddenly from SWS and
  emits a piercing scream, which theyre sitting
  up.
• Eyes may be wide
• Racing heart
• Breathing rapidly
• Little or no recall the next morning

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PTSD Nightmares

• Repetitive re-experiencing of traumatic event
• Occur during any sleep stage and more likely in
  early night.
• Cause of sleep disruption including more
  awakenings, fear of sleep, and various changes in
  REM.
• Person is confused and anxious but not always
  remember the entire nightmare.

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Sleep Talking

• Lasts for a few seconds
• Occur during stage 2 and only 10-20 during REMS
• It tends to occur more frequently among related
  family members, but is considered benign and
  therefore not treated.

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Sleep Walking

• Begins during SWS, not REMS, typically occurs in
  the first half of the night.
• Results in little if any dream recall and can
  induce in the predisposed by forced arousal
• Best thing is for the child to grow out of it.
• Reduce things that trigger events, such as stress
  and sleep deprivation

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Sleep Walking cont.

• If extreme
• Psychological treatment
• Relaxation therapy
• Stress management skills
• Hypnosis
• Medications

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Bedwetting

• Parents control by trying several training
  methods involving gentle alarms
• Can be indicated as psychological and
  neurological problems