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Brenda C' Nieto

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Title: Brenda C' Nieto


1
Flow Pulse Effects on the Macroinvertebrate
Community Structure in the Rio Salado, an Arid
Stream Ecosystem
  • Brenda C. Nieto

2
Outline
  • Aim
  • Introduction
  • Arid land stream ecosystems
  • Flow pulses versus floods
  • Macroinvertebrate communities
  • Hypothesis and specific goals
  • Material and methods
  • Preliminary results and conclusions

3
Aim
  • Professional
  • Understand the interdisciplinary field of
    Environmental Sciences and Ecology
  • Personal
  • Have skills and knowledge for future scientific
    research and collaborate with other research and
    colleagues for experience.
  • Scientific
  • Study the effects of flow pulses on the
    macroinvertebrate community

4
Arid Land Stream Ecosystems
  • Exist in setting defined by water limitation
  • Periods of declining or absent flow
  • Extremes in magnitude and variance of discharge
  • Warm temperatures and sunlight create high rates
    of production

5
Flow Pulses vs. floods
Flow Pulse- high flow that does not exceed the
threshold of sediment motion. Flood- high flow
that involves sediment motion and therefore
becomes a disturbance.
Disturbance threshold
Flow Pulse
Flood
6
Flow Pulses vs. floods
Initiation of sediment motion
Surface
Abrasion by bedload
Flow
7
Macroinvertebrate communities
8
Macroinvertebrate CommunitiesCommon Invertebrates
Culicidae
Mosquitoes
Water Mites
www.ru.ac.za
Midge
Mayflies
9
Macroinvertebrate CommunitiesCommon Invertebrates
Water Boatman
Riffle Beetles
  • Black Flies
  • Filter feeding
  • many nutrients (nitrogen and/or phosphorus) in
    water

10
Macroinvertebrates and Hydrology
  • Rio Salado is a temporal and spatial
    intermittent stream.
  • Desert streams are characterized by flash floods
    and droughts.
  • Effects of floods and droughts as a disturbance
    are well studied but less is known about flow
    pulses.

11
Hypothesis and Specific goals
  • The effects of flow pulses after a long drought
    period will increase the density of
    macroinvertebrates and change the composition of
    substrates.
  • To see the differential effect of flow pulses in
    different habitats.

12
Study Site
Rio Salado
13
Study Site
Substrates
Sand 88
Cobble/Gravel 11
Back-waters 1
14
Methods and Materials
  • Equipment
  • 2420cm sample surface border
  • Net
  • Large Pan
  • No. 35 graded sieve
  • 26 plastic cups
  • Ethanol

15
Methods and Materials
  • In June and repeated in July
  • 5 samples were taken from Sand
  • 5 samples from Gravel
  • 3 samples from Back-waters

Placed into cups with 70 Ethanol Sorted with
Leica Stereozoom 4 microscope Isolated
macroinvertebrates in cups Identified to family
16
Preliminary Results and Conclusions
During Drought (June) 194.9 macroinvertebrates
per m²
After Flow Pulse (July) 418.9 macroinvertebrates
per m²
17
Preliminary Results and Conclusions
Density Increased in Cobble Density Decreased
in Back-waters Density Increased in Sand
18
Preliminary Results and Conclusions
  • Macroinvertebrates By Substrate
  • Hyrdracarina appeared in sand and cobble
  • Chironomidae largest increase in back-waters
  • Culicidae decreased in sand
  • Corixidae decreased in back-water
  • Simuliidae increase in cobble

19
Preliminary Results and Conclusions
  • July Results Compared to June
  • Hydracarina present
  • Increase in Chirononmidae in all 3 substrates
  • Culicidae increased in cobbles
  • Baetidae remained similar
  • Corixidae increased in cobble decreased
    back-waters
  • Simuliidae increased in cobble and back-water
  • Elmidae decreased

20
Preliminary Results and Conclusions
  • General Patterns
  • Macroinvertebrates density increased after flow
    pulse.
  • Massive emergence Chironomidae, may relate with
    an increase of habitat extent and increase in
    sediment moisture
  • Eggs in sediment
  • Flow pulse involved a change in the community
    composition
  • Difference in Substrate
  • Some families found in one habitat, are
    specialized
  • Reduction in habitat conditions of back-waters
    caused Corixidae decrease
  • Sand and cobbles were more stable in terms of
    composition

21
Acknowledgements
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Vicenç Acuña
Salazar Jennifer Johnson Mike Friggens John
Craig Alex Benhumea Tara Blackman Tierney
Adamson Caitlin Smith Ashwana Fricker Fred
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