Title: Brenda C' Nieto
1Flow Pulse Effects on the Macroinvertebrate
Community Structure in the Rio Salado, an Arid
Stream Ecosystem
2Outline
- Aim
- Introduction
- Arid land stream ecosystems
- Flow pulses versus floods
- Macroinvertebrate communities
- Hypothesis and specific goals
- Material and methods
- Preliminary results and conclusions
3Aim
- Professional
- Understand the interdisciplinary field of
Environmental Sciences and Ecology - Personal
- Have skills and knowledge for future scientific
research and collaborate with other research and
colleagues for experience. - Scientific
- Study the effects of flow pulses on the
macroinvertebrate community
4Arid Land Stream Ecosystems
- Exist in setting defined by water limitation
- Periods of declining or absent flow
- Extremes in magnitude and variance of discharge
- Warm temperatures and sunlight create high rates
of production
5Flow Pulses vs. floods
Flow Pulse- high flow that does not exceed the
threshold of sediment motion. Flood- high flow
that involves sediment motion and therefore
becomes a disturbance.
Disturbance threshold
Flow Pulse
Flood
6Flow Pulses vs. floods
Initiation of sediment motion
Surface
Abrasion by bedload
Flow
7Macroinvertebrate communities
8Macroinvertebrate CommunitiesCommon Invertebrates
Culicidae
Mosquitoes
Water Mites
www.ru.ac.za
Midge
Mayflies
9Macroinvertebrate CommunitiesCommon Invertebrates
Water Boatman
Riffle Beetles
- Black Flies
- Filter feeding
- many nutrients (nitrogen and/or phosphorus) in
water
10Macroinvertebrates and Hydrology
- Rio Salado is a temporal and spatial
intermittent stream. - Desert streams are characterized by flash floods
and droughts. - Effects of floods and droughts as a disturbance
are well studied but less is known about flow
pulses.
11Hypothesis and Specific goals
- The effects of flow pulses after a long drought
period will increase the density of
macroinvertebrates and change the composition of
substrates. - To see the differential effect of flow pulses in
different habitats.
12Study Site
Rio Salado
13Study Site
Substrates
Sand 88
Cobble/Gravel 11
Back-waters 1
14Methods and Materials
- Equipment
- 2420cm sample surface border
- Net
- Large Pan
- No. 35 graded sieve
- 26 plastic cups
- Ethanol
15Methods and Materials
- In June and repeated in July
- 5 samples were taken from Sand
- 5 samples from Gravel
- 3 samples from Back-waters
Placed into cups with 70 Ethanol Sorted with
Leica Stereozoom 4 microscope Isolated
macroinvertebrates in cups Identified to family
16Preliminary Results and Conclusions
During Drought (June) 194.9 macroinvertebrates
per m²
After Flow Pulse (July) 418.9 macroinvertebrates
per m²
17Preliminary Results and Conclusions
Density Increased in Cobble Density Decreased
in Back-waters Density Increased in Sand
18Preliminary Results and Conclusions
- Macroinvertebrates By Substrate
- Hyrdracarina appeared in sand and cobble
- Chironomidae largest increase in back-waters
- Culicidae decreased in sand
- Corixidae decreased in back-water
- Simuliidae increase in cobble
19Preliminary Results and Conclusions
- July Results Compared to June
- Hydracarina present
- Increase in Chirononmidae in all 3 substrates
- Culicidae increased in cobbles
- Baetidae remained similar
- Corixidae increased in cobble decreased
back-waters - Simuliidae increased in cobble and back-water
- Elmidae decreased
20Preliminary Results and Conclusions
- General Patterns
- Macroinvertebrates density increased after flow
pulse. - Massive emergence Chironomidae, may relate with
an increase of habitat extent and increase in
sediment moisture - Eggs in sediment
- Flow pulse involved a change in the community
composition
- Difference in Substrate
- Some families found in one habitat, are
specialized - Reduction in habitat conditions of back-waters
caused Corixidae decrease - Sand and cobbles were more stable in terms of
composition
21Acknowledgements
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Vicenç Acuña
Salazar Jennifer Johnson Mike Friggens John
Craig Alex Benhumea Tara Blackman Tierney
Adamson Caitlin Smith Ashwana Fricker Fred