GUAR cluster bean Products and Production

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GUAR (cluster bean)Products and Production???
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5.4
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Guar Introduction ???????

• Guar is a drought tolerant annual legume that
  grows in hot, semiarid regions with sandy soils
• The major world suppliers are India, Pakistan,
  the United States and smaller acreages in
  Australia and Africa
• The world demand for Guar increased
• which lead to introduction of Guar in
• other countries
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3
Guar - Crop properties

• Guar is an upright course-growing summer annual
  legume (18-40 inches) (45-100 cm)
• The deep roots reach deep moisture
• Leaves, stem and pods are smooth
• The Guar bean has a large
• endosperm
• The endosperm contains large
• amounts of gum which is the
• marketable product of the plant
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  ?? 45- 100 ?? , ????? ?????? , ????? ????????
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Guar Some examples of use

• The gum of Guar forms hydrates rapidly in water
  into a
• viscous gel and is therefore used in various
  products
• In Asia
• Beans for vegetable consumption
• Crop for cattle feed
• As green manure
• In the United States
• No calorie binding agent
• fi stiffener in soft ice cream
• In pharmaceutical industry
• In cloth and paper manufacture
• Oil well drilling muds

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5
Guar climate and soil

• Drought resistant
• High toleration of temperature (77 to 95F) (25
  to 35C)
• Grows well under a wide range of soil conditions,
  but preferably fertile, medium textured and sandy
  loam soils
• Salinity and alkalinity tolerant
• Soil improving crop
• Fits in crop rotation program (with grain
  sorghum, small grains or vegetables)
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Cultivation - Seed preparation

• Select seeds with same size and colour
• Selected seed must be free from other crop and
  weed seed
• Select seed from the most recent varieties (New
  varieties are more resistant to diseases)
• Inoculate the seed before planting with a special
  guar inoculant (or a cowpea inoculant)
• Plant the seeds in moist soil within 2 hours
  after inoculation
• The seed bed should be free of weed

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Cultivation Seeding date

• Plant Guar when soil temperature is over 70F
  (21C)
• Optimum temperature for germination is 86F
  (30C)
• Essential conditions
• Adequate soil moistureWarm seedbed
• Warm growing weather

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Cultivation Seeding and fertility

• With row crop planter, Guar can be planted in
  rows from 36 to 40 inches. (90-100 cm)
• Planting depth of 1 to 1.5 inches deep (2.5-4 cm)
• Guar requires a high level of phosphorous (22 to
  34 kg of P2O5/ha) and a medium level of potash
  (45 to 56 lb of K2O/ha)
• Apply fertilizer before planting and below the
  seed
• Optimum pH value is between pH 7 an pH 8

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Guar varieties in USA

• Brooks (1964) first improved variety. High
  yielding and resistant to major diseases.
• Hall later maturing compared to Brooks.
  Resistant to bacterial blight and Alternaria leaf
  spot. Best adapted to heavier soil types and
  higher elevation.
• Mills Early maturing and also resistant to
  bacterial blight and Alternaria leaf spot. Lower
  yields than Hall and Brooks.
• Kinman (1975) a week earlier in maturity than
  Hall. Highly resistant to bacterial blight and
  Alternaria leaf spot.
• Esser (1975) medium to late in maturity. Better
  disease tolerance than Brooks.
• Lewis (1986) Medium to late maturing. Seed
  yields are approximately 25 higher than Kinman.

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1964 ? ??? ??? ??? ???? , ???? ??????? ??????
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????? ????? ???? ??? 1975 ? ???? ?????? ??????
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????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? (1986)
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Control Measures

• Weed control
• Because of the slow growing rate of young Guar
  plant, weed
• control is important
• Mechanical control
• Do not seed Guar in fields with Johnson grass and
  other perennial weeds
• Early land preparation minimizes weed problems
• Chemical control
• Treflan (selective herbicide) can be used to
  control annual grasses and annual broadleaf weeds
• Diseases control
• Select disease-resistant varieties and high
  quality certified seed to prevent Guar from
  Alternaria leaf spot (fungal disease) and
  Bacterial blight (seed-borne disease causing
  plant losses)
• Control of insects and other predatorsGuar Midge
  is the primary insect pest in the Southwest of
  the USA. Rainfall or sprinkler irrigation may
  reduce the midge population

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Harvesting

• Seed pods are brown and dry at maturity
• To speed up drying and to kill weeds, Gramoxone
  (paraquat) can be used
• Guar beans can be harvested with a normal grain
  combine
• To clean out foreign materials use a high fan
  speed
• Reels should be set deep enough in the Guar to
  control stalks (15 to 30 cm ahead of the
  cutterbar)
• For hay cut crop when first pods turn brown
• For green manure Guar should be turned under
  when lower pods turn brown
• For seeds after harvesting Guar can be used as
  mulch when it is plowed under

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After harvesting

• Income and production costs vary every year and
  are also
• depending on soil types
• Yields vary from 55 to 360 kg per hectare
• Production costs are between 8 and 16
  USD/hectare. (depends on fertilizer usage and
  other production practices

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?????? ??? ??? ?????? . ??????? ????? ?? 55- 360
??? ??????? .??????? ?????? ??? 8 -16 ?????
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Sources of Pictures

• Sheet 1 www.niemagazine.com
• Sheet 2 - www.plthomas.com/guar.html
• Sheet 3 - juniper.tamu.edu/Agronomy/guar_pods.htm
• Sheet 4 - http//www.shreevinayakcorp.com/guar-gum
  .html
• Sheet 8 - http//www.guar-tex.com/images/seed.jpg
• Sheet 12- http//milksci.unizar.es/bioquimica/tema
  s/azucares/
• auxiazucar/cyamopsis.jpg

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