Integument Support Movement

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Integument SupportMovement
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IntegumentWhy?
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IntegumentSkinHairGlands
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SKIN
Hypodermis
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BAT
MINK
HUMAN
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Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Basale
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Vibrassae and Pelage
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When did hair evolve?
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Therapsid Cynognathus
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Impressions
multituberculate
Feces
Pellets
rodent
155 my Ming and Wyss 1997 Nature
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Figure 1 Reconstruction of the Paleocene
multituberculate Ptilodus, about 50 cm in length.
From Cox (1998)
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Age of excreta
origin of hair
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WHY DID HAIR EVOLVE?
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Therapsid Cynognathus
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morganucodont
Hardarian apparatus impression in fossils
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Cranial
Axial
Appendicular
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Loss of lumbar ribs dorsoventral flexing
Axial
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ATLAS
Typical Cervical Vertebrae
AXIS
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Appendicular pelvic girdle fused
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Limbs underneath
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What is a lever? A lever is a bar that moves
around a fixed point. How do we use it? Levers
help us lift, pull, and push things.
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Cost of transportation

• Walking/Running
• Flying
• Swimming

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Therapsids