Future Combat Systems

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Future Combat Systems And Associated Technology
Efforts FCS Program Overview - 26 September 2000
Dr. Marilyn Freeman DARPA Tactical Technology
Office [phone] mfreeman_at_darpa.mil
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The ChallengeEffective Early Entry Forces
Red overmatch sets the conditions of battle
TODAY
2000

• Robotics
• Mobile C3
• Networked Fires
• Organic 3D
• Targeting

Capability
Mechanized Forces
Enemy Force Build Up
THE GOAL
Follow-On Heavy Forces
Light Forces
SOF
Time
Follow-On Heavy Forces (if Necessary)

• FCS
• Multi-mission
• Rapidly deployed
• Light logistically
• Variable lethality

Mechanized Forces
Capability
Enemy Force Build Up
FCS / Medium Forces
Allows U.S. to set conditions on the battlefield
SOF
Time
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CSA Statement of the Problem

• We must provide early entry forces that can
  operate jointly, without access to fixed forward
  bases, but we still need the power to slug it out
  and win decisively. Today, our heavy forces are
  too heavy and our light forces lack staying
  power. We will address those mismatches. --
  GEN Shinseki, CSA, 23 June 1999

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The Army Transformation
. . . Responsive, Deployable, Agile, Versatile,
Lethal, Survivable, Sustainable.
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What is the FCS Program?

• The Future Combat Systems (FCS) Program is a
  collaborative program between the Defense
  Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the
  US Army to provide for the evaluation and
  competitive demonstration of the Future Combat
  Systems.
• The FCS Program will
• Define and validate FCS design/operational
  concepts using modeling and simulation and
  surrogate exercises
• Develop key enabling technologies for distributed
  lighter forces
• Fabricate and test a multi-mission FCS
  Demonstrator suitable for EMD and production

The Future Combat Systems Program will definea
multi-mission system of systems concept for
future land combat
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The DARPA FCS Role
DARPA
DARPA
New Design Paradigm Advanced Building Block
Technologies (High Risk/High Payoff Approach)
GOAL
Future Shortfall
DARPA Initiative Provides the Activation Energy
Capability
Transition To The Services
Current Design Evolution
Time
Provide the Activation Energy
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What Are We Trying to Accomplish?
Future Combat Systems a multi-mission system of
systems concept

• Enable the Army to achieve their vision of a
  lightweight, lethal, survivable, multi-mission
  ground combat force.
• Execute an extensive industry and government
  multi faceted program that will enable DARPA and
  the Army to develop truly innovative future
  combat systems.
• Evaluate and test FCS enabling technologies,
  maturing them to acceptable levels of risk prior
  to EMD.

FCS Will Exploit Battlefield Non-Linearities
using Technology to Reduce the Size of Platforms
and the Force
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What Makes FCS Different?

• Network centric
• Red and blue disposition
• Timeliness and granularity for close battle
• Robotics integrated into force
• Amplify capability of manned elements
• Multi-functional (RSTA, armed, sustainment)
• Increased reliance on extended range engagement
• Organic plus strategic and tactical support
• Long range ISR and precision fires
• Capable of air-mobile operations
• Commercial and minimum DoD strategic and tactical
  lift

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Technical Approach Network Centric Distributed
Platforms
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To This...
Other Layered Sensors
Small Unit UAV
Network Centric Force
Robotic Sensor
Distributed Fire Mechanisms
From This...
Robotic Direct Fire
Exploit Battlefield Non-Linearities using
Technology to Reduce the Size of Platforms and
the Force
Robotic NLOS Fire
Manned C2/Infantry Squad
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Major Technology Challenges

• Robotics
• Behavior
• Platforms
• Design Mobility
• C4ISR/T
• Beyond Line of Site Networked Fires
• Sensors
• Platforms
• Sensors (themselves)

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Total Collaborative Effort to Support FCS
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FCS Concept Development Effort

• FCS is a Simulation Based Acquisition program
• Concept phase will utilize 845 other
  transactions contracting mechanism
• Attract new commercial companies with new and
  advanced technologies
• Receive innovative industry teaming arrangements
• Receive innovative technical practices
• Receive innovative business arrangements
• Proposal Content includes
• Executive Summary,Technical Approach, Management
  Approach,Resources Required, Proposed Agreement,
  Certifications and Congressional information,
  Statement of Objectives

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FCS Concept Development Effort(Cont.)

• Phase 1 -- Design Competition
• Competition of systems ideas
• Distributed system of systems concept design
• Concept of Operations iteration with TRADOC based
  upon systems design
• Analytical technology trade-offs/risk assessment
• Modeling and simulations
• Critical Experiments to validate critical
  elements in the system of systems concepts
• Scenario development
• Red Team

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FCS Concept Development Effort(Cont.)

• Phase 2 -- Preliminary Design/Systems Prototype
• System of systems prototype design
• Preliminary design review of systems prototype
• Critical design review of systems prototype
• Prototype content limited by agreement between
  DARPA, the Army based upon concept selected,
  funding availability and schedule to demonstrate
  most critical elements of total system design
• Limited Man in the loop systems demonstration

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FCS Program Milestones

• Seedling Study Completed
  09/22/99
• Public Announcement 12/13/99
• Draft Sol./Evaluation Criteria(release)
  12/27/99
• Industry Day 01/11/00
• Released Final Solicitation 01/31/00
• DARPA/Army MOA Signed
  02/28/00
• Proposals Received 03/17/00
• Source Evaluation Complete 04/28/00
• Four Concept Agreements Awarded 05/09/00
• Concepts Design Phase Complete 10/30/01
• Award Demo Phase
  03/22/02
• Award Single Concept
  09/15/05

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FCS Concept Teams(Six Proposals - Four 845
Agreement Awards)

• The Boeing Team
• The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA
• New Definitions, Inc., Tacoma, WA
• Vector Research, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
• Whitney, Bradley Brown, Inc., Vienna, VA
• Signature Research, Inc., Calumet, MI
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
• (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD
• Rockwell Science Center, Thousand Oaks, CA
• Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW), Germany

• Team Gladiator (Consortium)
• TRW
• Lockheed Martin
• CSC/Nichols Research
• Battelle Institute
• Carnegie Mellon
• IITRI/AB Technologies

• Team FoCus Vision (Consortium)
• Team FoCuS Vision led by General Dynamics Land
  Systems Inc., Sterling Heights, Michigan and
  Raytheon Company, Plano, Texas.
• Other participants with GDLS and Raytheon
  include
• Aurora Flight Sciences
• Carnegie-Mellon University
• Honeywell
• Maxwell Physics International
• Stanford Research Institute International
• Sensis
• Sensor.com Wireless Integrated Network Sensors
• Whitney Bradley Brown Inc.
• Los Alamos National Laboratory

• Team Full Spectrum
• SAIC
• United Defense, LP
• ITT Industries
• Northrop Grumman Corp
• Logistics Management Institute (LMI)
• SRI International
• Strategic Perspectives Inc.
• Omnitech Robotics International LLS
• University of Texas Center for Electromechanics
• VRI

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Major Technology Challenges DARPA Collaborative
Efforts Being Formed

• Robotics
• Unmanned Ground Vehicles
• Maneuver BLOS
• Organic All-Weather Targeting Vehicle
• All-Weather Surveillance and Targeting Sensor

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Back-ups
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Future Threat Considerations
Missions
Signatures
RF scattering
OOTW
reflective/emissive
Defense
spurious emitters
polarized
Offense
stationary
moving
intermittent
Engagements
Correlation Tracking
NLOS precision
NLOS area
LOS long range
LOS short range
aided or automatic
signal/clutter
X - Y - Z
Open
force structure analysis
Rural/Forest
Built Up
Temporal
Dimensions
Discrimination/CID
US Forces Face Complex Environments and Missions
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FCS Way Ahead System FUE FY12 (08?)