Sparta Under Roman Rule

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Sparta Under Roman Rule
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Important Dates

• Classical (Archaic) Agoge Early 6th
  century to c. 270-250 B.C.
•  
• Hellenistic (Cleomenean) Agoge 226-188 B.C.
•  Roman Agoge 146 B.C to Fourth Century
  A.D.

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The Spartan Agoge

• General education began around the age of seven
  and boys were placed in age groups (Agalai)
• Agelai were subject to numerous competitive
  events and staged battles.
• Moa (Vocal Prowess Competition), Keloia (Hunting
  Cry Competition) and the Katheratorion (Mimed
  Dance or Hunt Competition)
• The Temple of Artemis Orthia was the center of
  the agoges activities
• Promoted Spartan Pride and Identity.
• Successful completion of the public system of
  up-bringing, the agoge, was a pre-requisite for
  Spartan citizenship.
• Spartan education was famed for its exceptional
  harshness and emphasis on physical skills and
  endurance.
• The agoge was not simply an education system it
  provided a sense of respect and obligation for
  all men

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Age Groups of the Later Agoge

• Age Hellenistic Phase Roman Phase
• 14 rhobidas -
• 15 promikizomenos -
• 16 mikizomenos mikichizomenos
• 17 propais pratopampais
• 18 pais hatropampais
• 19 melleiren melleiren
• 20 eiren eiren

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Diagram of the Spartan Acropolis
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Pictures and facts about the Temple Of Artemis
Orthia

• In this area of the sanctuary which is
  located in the ancient "demos" (district) of
  Limnes at Sparta, the excavations conducted by
  the British Archaeological School at Athens, at
  the beginning of the century, revealed remains of
  successive phases in the construction of the
  temple of Artemis Orthia. The last phase is dated
  to the Hellenistic period but interventions were
  also made in the temple , during the Roman
  period.

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• South of the sacred places were founded a large
  horse-shoe shaped amphitheatre which is nowadays
  preserved in good condition. This construction
  was used by worshippers and people attending the
  ceremonies and the games of youths, which were
  taking place at the area of the sanctuary

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• The marble stelai depicting sickles and the
  inscribed altars are connected with their donors.
  These were children which had successfully passed
  the test of whipping before they could enter the
  adolescents' teams.

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• East of the temple is preserved the big oblong
  altar which was made of stone slabs.

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Bibliography

• Kennel, Nigel. The Gymnasium of Virtue
  Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta. London
  University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
• Plutarch. Trans. John Dryden. Life of Lycurgus.
  http//classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/lycurgus.html
• Xenophon. Ed. E.J. Brill. Sparta. The Policy of
  the Lacedaemonians. New York Brill, 1987.
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