Three Metabolic Pathways

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Three Metabolic Pathways

Glucose
Glycolysis
NADH2
ATP
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
NADH2 / FADH2
ATP
Electron Transport System (ETS)
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Overall Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Glycolysis ATP
NADH2

Gluconeogenesis Glucose from Amino
Acids


Pentose Phosphate Pathway Ribose

NADPH2
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Glycolysis Citric Acid Cylcle
Electron Transport System
Glucose

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Glucose
Glycolysis

Pyruvate
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Glycolysis
4 ATP Substrate Level Phosphorylations of ADP

Use 2 ATP to add PO4 to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphat
e
Net 2 ATP for Biological Work
Make 2 NADH2 -- reduced 2 NAD
Make 2 Pyruvates (Pyruvic Acid)
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How is the ATP Made?
4 ATP Substrate Level Phosphorylations of ADP

Glycerate-1,3-diPO4 ADP
Glycerate-3-PO4 ATP
Phosphoenolpyruvate ADP Pyruvate
ATP
o'
What do you know about G ?
gt 7.3 kcal/mole
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The Gyceraldehyde-3-PO4 Dehydrogenase Reaction

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The Gyceraldehyde-3-PO4 Dehydrogenase Reaction

Glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 NAD
Glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 NADH2
NADH2 NAD NAD NADH2
Glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 PO4
Glyceraldehyde-1,3-Di (bis) PO4
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Anaroebic

Aroebic
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Lactate Produced Anaroebically

Lactate is a Metabolic Deadend
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Anaerobic Glycolysis

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A

Glycogenolysis
A
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Fates of Pyruvate

• b

Combine with Acetylcoenzyme A and enter the
Citric Acid Cycle
Can form Lactate (Lactic Acid)
Fermentation Muscle

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Fates of Pyruvate

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(No Transcript)
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Coenzyme A

O
CoA CoASH CoASCCH3
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Kreb's Cycle

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Kreb's Cycle

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Kreb's Cycle

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Reduced Coenzymes
ATP CO2

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2
H
2

H
2
2
Electron Transport Chain
H
H2O
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Isoprene
Co-Q10
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Electron Transport System

H
H2
O
H

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Electron Transport System

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The 4 Complexes

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Cytochromes
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Cytochrome c

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Non-heme Iron Proteins
Complex 1
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ATP

Synthase
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ATP Synthase

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Electron Transport System
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ETS Complex 1 2
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ETS Complex 3

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From NADH2 get 3 ATP
Complex 1
Complex 2

Complex 3
From FADH2 2 ATP
Complex 4
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Electron Transport System
Its function is to make ATP!

From NADH2 ATP in Complexes 1,3,4
Glucose
Citric Acid Cycle
ETS
ATP
ATP
ATP
MOST
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Energy

- 52 kcal
e -
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Total ATP from Glucose

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Anaerobic Glycolysis

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Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Other Hexoses

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Pentose or HMP Shunt
NADPH2
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AA's
AA's

AA's
AA's
AA's
AA's
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Two Types of Metabolism

Make NADH2 Make ATP
Catabolic Anabolic
USE NADPH2 USE ATP
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END