Posing Questions to SHAKEN for Project HALO

1
Posing Questions to SHAKENfor Project HALO

• Knowledge Systems Group
• University of Texas at Austin
• October 8, 2002

2
Goals

• To represent the 50 sample questions given us by
  Vulcan
• To fit within the current SHAKEN framework as
  much as possible
• To make it easy to pose questions, and to make
  the content of the questions obvious to users and
  examiners
• To have the form of the questions feed into a
  problem solving architecture more on this in a
  couple of days

3
Limitations and Disclaimers

• Weve yet to learn much chemistry, so some of
  these representations might be stupid
• To represent the questions, weve pretended that
  a bunch of new concepts and relations are in the
  component library. How these concepts and
  relations are ultimately represented in the
  Library shouldnt impact the basic approach
  presented here

4
SHAKEN Extensions Required

• Questions are posed as Cmaps. However, unlike
  current Cmaps
• nodes may contain variables. The
  problem-solvers job is to find a binding for
  variables that is consistent with the other
  assertions in the Cmap.
• Groups of triples may be marked as T/F. The
  problem-solvers job is to determine whether
  those triples are mutually consistent, and
  consistent with the other triples in the Cmap.
• Because the questions are multiple-choice, most
  of them can be translated into true-false
  questions, then encoded with option (2) above.
  One advantage of this approach is that we can
  encode constraints into background knowledge that
  serve to eliminate multiple-choice options that
  are impossible.
• We need to be able to input chemical formulae,
  chemical reactions, and quantities in scientific
  notation. These enhancements to SHAKEN could
  begin right away.

5
Questions 1a
Not
superclasses
Chemical-solution
Buffer solution
solute
ph
solute
NaCl
HCl
T/F
concentration
concentration
Ph-Value
1 M
1 M
less than
7
6
Questions 1e
Chemical-solution
solute
ph
solute
NaCl
HCl
T/F
concentration
concentration
Ph-Value
Question 2 3 are similar Options b d are
similar
1 M
1 M
equal
7
7
Question 4a
calcium
Chemical reaction
reactant
hydrogen
product
Chemical compound
T/F
Well need some representation for chemical
formulae that supports reasoning, e.g. to check
whether the equation is balanced. Were going to
ignore this issue for now.
formula
CaH2
8
Question 4b
calcium
Chemical reaction
reactant
hydrogen
product
T/F
Ionic compound
9
Question 4c
calcium
Chemical reaction
reactant
hydrogen
product
Chemical compound
T/F
state
ltsolid, room-temperaturegt
Note the relation state is 3-ary
10
Question 4d
calcium
Chemical reaction
reactant
hydrogen
product
T/F
Chemical compound
Chemical reaction
reactant
product
water
H2 gas
11
Question 4e
calcium
Chemical reaction
reactant
hydrogen
product
T/F
Chemical compound
Chemical reaction
reactant
product
water
Acidic solution
12
Question 5
Note Im going to use the has-part relation in
these examples I suspect well extend the Clib
with a more specific slot.
White precipitate
Chemical reaction
Chemical Compound
product
reactant
Has part
Dilute Hydrochloric acid
Ionic equation
Ag
?
Note Ive taken many liberties here,
representing as a single node concepts that will
probably be small groups of nodes. Examples
dilute hydrochloric acid and white
precipitate. However, I dont think that
impacts the basic structure of the representation
of this question.
13
Question 6
Hydrolysis
CO32
reactant
equilibrium expression
?
Note again, taking liberties here equilibrium
expression will probably expand into a small
cluster of nodes and relations when its coded
in Clib.
14
Question 7a
Chemical reaction
formula
H2PO4 HBO32 HPO42 H2BO3
reactant
product
H2PO4
HBO32
HPO42
H2BO3
ph
ph
ph
ph
T/F
phValue
phValue
phValue
phValue
Note simply alter the inequalities
for questions 7b-e
Greater-than
Greater-than
15
Question 8a
T/F
Chemical compound
water
formula
insoluble in
CaCO3
Excess Ammonia Solution
soluble in
Dilute HCI
color
Note I cant get by with a single slot soluble
in, then use negation to get insoluble in.
For this example, it would require marking
water as the filler of a negated triple while
Dilute HCI is left unmarked. I dont think I
can get this level of control using our current
interface for marking triples as negated.
white
state
ltsolid, room-temperaturegt
8b-e are minor variants of this one
16
Question 9
Chemical compound
superclass
ph
ltWeak, acidgt
Monoprotic acid
superclass
ph
3.0
HA
quantity
Ionization constant
.2 moles
?
17
Question 10, Part I
Chemical Reaction
Chemical compound
isa
subclass
Acid
Equilibrium Reaction
reactant
Chemical compound
isa
Base
instance
_Acid-Base Equilibrium Reaction01
Formula
HSO4 H2O H3O SO42
reactant
T/F
isa
Has-part
Base
Chemical compound
HSO4
Parts II and III are similar
18
Question 11
Chemical Reaction
formula
H2C2O4 2H2O 2 H3O C2O42
Equilibrium constant
reactant
?
Note this is part of background knowledge, not
explicitly part of this Cmap. The k1 and k2
values might be background knowledge, too.
H2C2O4
Diprotic acid
superclass
k1
k2
5.3 x 10-5
5.36 x 10-2
19
Question 12
This one is a bit dense, and were not completely
confident about it. You might want to skip it
for now. In any case, note that the encoding of
answer (a) is on the next slide. Operationally,
it would merge on to this Cmap, to be included
with the question itself.
Gas
inst-of
Sc
R2
brown
Chemical-Reaction
color
reactant
inst-of
Liquid
product
R1
Nitric Acid
object
color
Heat
concentration
causes
ltbrown-yellowgt
object
high
origin
Change-Color
destination
ltcolorlessgt
20
Question 12 a).
T/F
Nitric Acid
strength
ltstrong, Acidgt
21
Question 13a
Chemical reaction
product
Chemical compound
reactant
T/F
NH3
Ca(OH)2
Chemical reaction
reactant
Nitric Acid
product
White precipitate
concentration
dilute
Note Im not sure how to represent this notion
Similarly for b-e
22
Question 14a
Chemical compound
superclass
Note this is part of background knowledge, not
an explicit part of this Cmap. Im going to omit
showing these triples from now on.
NaNO3
quantity
ph
1 Mole
?
Similarly for b-e
23
Question 15
ka
HCN
4.0 x 10-10
ph
quantity
?
1 x 10-2 moles
24
Question 16b (note not part a)
T/F
Chemical reaction
Chemical compound
product
ph
reactant
base
Ca(OH)2
H2O
ph
Insoluble in
Weak base
water
Im not sure about thisIve folded the
conclusion of 16a (that the Chemical compound is
basic) in with the explanation of the
conclusion (that Ca(OH)2 is a weak base and is
insoluble in water). Will that work?
25
Questions 17-20, part a
Chemical compound
?
ph
Note this is the encoding of question 17
applied to the compounds in part a. This question
needs to be repeated for parts b-e. Then,
questions 18-20, which are similar, need to be
applied to each part. Im not sure how to
combine the results to evaluate expressions like
the solution with the lowest ph, or whether we
even need to.
Has-part
NH3
NH4Cl
quantity
quantity
1 mole
1 mole
26
Question 21
formula
?
Chemical reaction
reactant
product
C10H12O4S
product
product
reactant
CO2
SO2
H2O
O2
state
state
state
state
state
ltgas, gt
ltgas, gt
ltgas, gt
ltsolid, room-temperaturegt
ltgas, gt
27
Question 22a
T/F
superclasses
Molecule
Lewis acid
recipient
Obtain(?)
object
Obtain is not quite right because it is a
transfer of possession
Proton
base
Water
28
Question 23
product
Chemical reaction
?
reactant
Cu
causes
reactant
H2SO4
object
intensity
object
Heat
strong
29
Question 24a
T/F
superclasses
Lewis acid
Na
Cl-
CH3COO-
Mg2
Al3
ph
ph
ph
ph
ph
PH-Value
PH-Value
PH-Value
PH-Value
PH-Value
less than
less than
less than
less than
less than
30
Question 25a
solute
H2SO4
amount
Solution
Amount-Value
dissociates-into
greater than
amount
H3O
Amount-Value
solvent
dissociates-into
greater than
amount
H2O
HSO4-
Amount-Value
dissociates-into
greater than
amount
concentration
SO42-
Amount-Value
lt0.1 molargt
Its a pain to represent the greatest, etc
31
Question 26 a).-e).
Na
product
Chemical-Reaction
reactant
concentration
Na2CO3
?
NaHO3
concentration
quantity
concentration
quantity
3.0 M
70 ml
1.0 M
30 ml
32
Question 27 a).-e).
quantity
Acid-Dissociation
?
solute
HA
temperature
concentration
K
25C
0.5 M
lt810-4 , 25Cgt
Acid-Dissociation is a chemical solution, which
is an Entity
33
Question 28 a).
T/F
Mix
product
base
2 H2O
object
H2O
H3O
OH-
For b).-e). replace object and product
34
Question 29 a).-e).
Chemical-Reaction
H2O
product
reactant
formula
Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2 O2 H2O Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2
O2
quantity
?
quantity
1 mole
35
Question 30 a).
Oxidize
product
reactant
inst-of
inst-of
_Acid1
H3PO4
Acid
ph
ph
less-than
S2
S1
T/F
For b).-e). replace reactant and product
36
Question 31a
NH4Cl
NaNO3
ph
concentration
Na2CO3
ph
concentration
1 molar
PH-Value
1 molar
PH-Value
concentration
ph
1 molar
PH-Value
greater-than
Na2SO4
PH-Value
Each property value in the domain of chemistry
may have a mapping to the back end module that
calculates it.
T/F
concentration
ph
ph
1 molar
PH-Value
NaHSO4
31b to 31e are variants of this.
concentration
1 molar
37
Question 32a
HNO3
CuSO4
conductivity
concentration
KOH
conductivity
concentration
0.1 molar
Conductivity-Value
concentration
conductivity
0.1 molar
Conductivity-Value
0.1 molar
Conductivity-Value
less-than
HF
Conductivity-Value
T/F
conductivity
concentration
conductivity
0.1 molar
Conductivity-Value
BaCl2
32b to 32e are also variants of this.
concentration
0.1 molar
38
Question 33a
T/F
Bronsted -Acid
subclass
HCO3-
subclass
Bronsted -Base
This should be changed appropriately for parts
b-e.
39
Question 34
causes
Make-Contact
?
Damage
inhibits
base
object
object
Skin
Acid
40
Question 35
product
Chemical-reaction
reactant
Precipitate
reactant
color
Chemical-Solution
Chemical-Solution
solute
yellow
concentration
solute
concentration
?
0.5 molar
Nal
0.5 molar
Im not sure whether Nal is a typo for NaCl.
41
Question 36a
Chemical reaction
HC2H3O2(aq) CN(aq) HCN(aq) C2H3O2
formula
reactant
Equilibrium constant
product
3.7x104
HC2H3O2(aq)
CN(aq)
HCN(aq)
C2H3O2
T/F
ph
ph
b-e are similar, although d is tougher
Ph-value
Ph-value
gt
42
Question 37a
Mg(OH)2 (s)
T/F
Insoluble in
soluble in
Dilute Hydrochloric acid
water
b-e are similar
43
Question 38
Interesting this one requires representing
changes caused by a chemical reaction. Not sure
how best to do this, but it will probably use
add-list, del-list triples.
44
Question 39
10 HI 2 KMnO4 3 H2SO4 5 I2 2 MnSO4 8 H2O
formula
Chemical reaction
reactant
reactant
reactant
product
H2SO4
KMnO4
I2
HI
quantity
quantity
quantity
quantity
3 moles
4 moles
2.5 moles
?
45
Question 40a
T/F
superclasses
Solution
Electrolyte
solvent
solute
CH3OH
Water