at the

1
at the

2
Outline

• ? Overview of NSF
• ? The National Nanotechnology Initiative
• (NNI)
• ? NNI Activities at the NSF
• ? Future Direction for the NNI
• ? Example Projects

3
National Science Foundation

FY 2006 Budget
( Dollars
in Millions )
National Science Board
5,581 Total Budget
NSF Director
Office of the Inspector General
Office of Cyberinfrastructure
127
Education and Human Resources
Computer and Information Science and Engineering
496
Biological Sciences
797
577
Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Engineering
Geosciences
Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences
1,085
581
703
200
4
Federal RD for FY 2005103 Billion Total
(Dollars in Billions)
NucSec 4 4
NSF 4 4
Other 4 4
NASA 8 8
DOE 8 8
NIH 28 27
DOD 48 47
Table 4
http//www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06313/pdf/tables
.pdf
5
Federal Engineering RDFY 2005 9.1 Billion
Total (Dollars in Billions)
DOT 0.4 4.4
NIH 0.3 3.3
Other 0.3 3.3
DOE 2.0 22.0
NSF 0.7 7.7
NASA 2.4 26.4
DOD 3.0 33.0
http//www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06313/pdf/tables.
pdf
Table 22
6
Federal Academic SE Support FY 2005 22.4
Billion Total (Dollars in Billions)
DOD 1 4
NASA 1 4
NSF 3 14
DOE 1 4
NSF
NIH 16 71
Other 1 3
http//www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06313/pdf/tables.
pdf
Table 59
7
RD Funding Sourcesfor Academic SEFY 2005
43 Billion Total (Dollars in Billions)
Institutions 8 18

State Local 3 7
Industry
2 5
All Other 3 7
NSF
Federal Programs 27 64
http//www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf06323/tables/tab4
.xls
8
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) FY 2007
Budget Request 1,278 Million (Dollars Below in
Millions)
NIST 86 7
NASA 25 2
Other 20 2
NIH 170 13
DOE 258 20
DOD 345 27
NSF 373 29
www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2007/spec.pdf
9
NNI Budget by AgencyFiscal Years 2006 2007
(Dollars in Millions)
http//www.nano.gov/html/a
bout/funding.html
10
NSF NSE Budgets Engineering has a leading role
in NSE
11
NSF SBIR/STTR Grants in NANOTECHNOLOGY
(Dollars in Millions)from FY1999 to FY2005
Investment (Millions)
12
Context Nanotechnology in the WorldPast
government investments 1997-2004 (est. NSF)
Note U.S. begins FY in October, six months in
advance of EU Japan (in March/April)
MC. Roco, 12/13/04
13
NNIN National Nanotechnology Infrastructure
Network

• ? National Nanotechnology
• ? Integrated Network of 13 University
• User Facilities
• ? Cornell University Lead Institution
• ? Initiated March 1, 2004
• ? 70 Million over 5 years

http//www.NNIN.org
14
NNIN Attributes

• ? Serves user communities across
• the broad science / engineering /
• technology domains
• ? Technically specialized facilities,
• and integrated general facilities
• ? Open access to all qualified users
• ? Supports remote users and
• complex projects across
• facilities
• ? Education/outreach with
• attention to
• underrepresented youth
• ? Assessment/metrics guide
• network evolution and

15
NNIN Sites
Cornell
Triangle Litho/NCSU
16
Infrastructure Outcomes of 2001-2005
NSF RD Networks and User Facilities

• ? Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN)
• ? Seven universities (Purdue as the central
  node)
• ? Nanoelectronic device simulation/modeling
• ? National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network
  (NNIN)
• ? Thirteen universities with user facilities
• ? Develops measuring manufacturing tools
• ? Education and societal implications
• ? Oklahoma Nano Net (EPSCoR award)

17
Areas of NNI investment in FY2006(Program
Component Areas)

1. Fundamental Nanoscale Phenomena and Processes
2. Nanomaterials
3. Nanoscale Devices and Systems
4. Instrumentation Research, Metrology, and
   Standards for Nanotechnology
5. Nanomanufacturing
6. Major Research Facilities and Instrumentation
   Acquisition
7. Societal Dimensions

18
NSE Program Emphasis in FY 2007

• ? Increased investments will be dedicated to
• research and education on
• ? Complex large nanosystems including
  research
• on nanoscale devices and system
  architecture,
• dynamic and emerging behavior, and
  fabrication
• ? Three-dimensional measurements of
• domains of engineering relevance
• ? Converging science, engineering and
• technology from the nanoscale, by
• integrating nanosystems into applications
  
• in manufacturing, information systems,
• medicine, environment, etc.

19
NSE Program Emphasis in FY 2007
(Continued)

• ? Increased investments will be dedicated to
• research and education on
• ? Joint research programs addressing
  potential
• implications of nanotechnology with other
  
• federal agencies (NIOSH, EPA FDA, USDA
  and
• NIST)
• ? Earlier educational programs and teaching
• materials, including for K-12, with
  access to
• NSF educational networks (NUE, NISE,
  NNIN)
• ? Partnerships of academic researchers with
• industry, medical facilities and states
  through
• Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison
  with
• Industry (GOALI) and Partnerships for
• Innovation (PFI) programs

20
10-20 Year Vision

• ? 1st Generation Passive nanostructures
  2000
• E.g., coatings, nanoparticles, nanostructured
• metals, polymers, ceramics
• ? 2nd Generation Active nanostructures
  2005
• E.g., transistors, amplifiers,
  targeted drugs,
• actuators, adaptive structures
• ? 3rd Generation Systems of nanosystems 2010
• E.g., guided molecular assembling
• 3D networking and new system architectures,
  robotics
• ? 4th Generation Molecular nanosystems 2020
• E.g., molecules as
  devices/components by
• design, based on atomic design, hierarchical
• emerging functions, evolutionary systems

Increased integration, system approach
Converging science and engineering
AIChE Journal, 2004, Vol. 50 (5), MC Roco
21

Sample NSE Projects
22
Biologically-inspired Computational Chip
Central protein array interfaces with a
surrounding Bio-MOSFET. Chemical wave
generated in the protein array drives the
output Bio-MOSFETs, which
electronically gate an ion flux passing
through microfluidic channels. Lyding, 0103447
23
Photothermal Treatment of Cancer Cells
0450484
24
Chemicurrent from Adsorbed Gas Molecules
Eric McFarland (CTS-9820134)
25
Eric McFarland (CTS-9820134)
26
New Glucose Biosensor
Impedance changes are caused by the
introduction of glucose, a possible basis of a
glucose sensor.
Glucose
GGR
gold
GGR D-glucose/galactose receptor protein
Ian Suni 0329698
27
Impedance Change (20 Hz) upon Addition of Biding
Ligand (Glucose)
(continued)
28
Impedance Change (20 Hz) upon Addition of
Non-binding Ligand (Fructose)
(continued)
29
Novel Energy Conversion Devices Based on
Nanowire Heterostructures
30
Novel Energy Conversion Devices Based on
Nanowire Heterostructures
(Continued)
? Ultraviolet Nanolasers have been demonstrated
using ZnO nanowires under optical pumping. ?
Nanowire array is filled with polymer to make
nanocomposites with desirable electrical,
optical, thermal, and mechanical properties
for various energy conversion devices.
M. Huang et al., Science 292, 1897 (2001)
Fill with polymer
Vapor-deposited parylene
31
Nanoscale Molecular Electronics
A gold-coated conducting atomic force microscope
(CAFM) probe is pushed into a gold nanocrystal
covalently attached to one end of a thiol, and
the other end is covalently attached to a gold
surface. The objective is to use molecules as
electronic components switches, amplifiers,
sensors, etc. Lindsay, 0103175
32
Integration of Nanoscale Technologies into Living
Systems First Bionic Motor the Size of a
Molecule (Craighead, 9876771)
33

Small Business (SBIR) Nanotechnology Project
Nanoporous Silica Slurries for Enhanced Chemical
Mechanical Planarization of Low k Dielectrics

Market Opportunity SINMATs Goal

• Technical Objectives
• Low Defect Polishing
• Large scale Synthesis of Nanoporous Silica

Deepika Singh DMI 0349609
34
Single-molecule Functional Nanostructures
Two stacked nitro-flourenone moieties with
proton-proton separation of 3.5Å. These are
stacked in the center of a helical dendron coat
responsible for the self-assembly of the
sandwiches. The electron and hole mobilities are
in a range useful for molecular devices Percec,
0102459
35
Nanotube-based Structures for High Resolution
Control of Thermal Transport
Images of patterned vertically aligned carbon
nanotube turf
Cecilia Richards, Washington State
NSF NIRT Award Number 0238888
36
Nanotube-based Structures for High Resolution
Control of Thermal Transport (continued)

• ? Carbon nanotubes are incorporated into
• microscale composites to create a new kind
• of mesoscale device, a thermal switch
• ? Manufacturing across six orders of length
• scales from nano to meso is made possible
• by utilizing the mixed-scale architectures
  of
• high aspect ratio CNTs and two-dimensional
• lithographic-based low-aspect ratio MEMS
• fabrication techniques.

Cecilia Richards, Washington State
NSF NIRT Award Number CTS-0404370
37
Fluids Race Through Nearly Frictionless Carbon
Nanotubes
In living cells, fluids flow rapidly through
miniscule, nearly frictionless, protein channels.
Carbon nanotubes only 7 nm in diameter can
mimic nearly friction-free flow. Some fluid
substances move through channels 10,000-100,000
times faster than models had predicted. Bruce
Hinds, CTS 0348544
In this illustration, water travels through
carbon nanotubes at a high rate
38
Websites for Information
on NNI, NSE, NSEE

• NSE and NSEE News
• http//www.nsf.gov/news/
• priority_areas/nano/index.jsp
• NSE Grantees Meeting 2005
• http//www.nseresearch.org/
• NNI Information
• http//www.nano.gov