Preface to Thai Studies

1
???????????? Preface to Thai Studies

• ????????? ?. ????? ????????
  Lecturer Wanna Nawigamune

2

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
• What do you know about your homeland?

3
(No Transcript)
4

• ??? ??? ?????????????????????
• What is the difference between Thai and Siam?

??????????????????????????????????? ????
??????? Can we explain the past of our land
beyond Siam?
5

• ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
• Were now tracing back to the time when the
  lands on earth were without name.

6

• ?????????????????????????????????????????
  Prehistorical background of
  ????????? ???????????????????
  ?? the land which is now Thailand
  

7

• ????????????????????? ???????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????

Pre-historic period refers to the period about
which there is no written evidence to rely upon.
8
?????????????? ??????????????????????????????
??? ??.?????? ????? ??? ??. ????? ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???????????????????? Does the
illustration of the cover of Prehistoric
Thailand by Dr.Charles Higham and Dr. Rachanie
Thosarat tell you about the kinds of evidence
scholars use in explaining human way of life in
the pre-historic time?
9
????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? Exa
mples of archaeological findings found in
Thailand.
10
(No Transcript)
11
??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
????????????????????????-???????????? ???
????????????? Archaeological sites in the
present-day Thailand where evidences have been
found to prove human ways of life in the
hunting-gathering culture and the
farming/agricultural culture.
12
????????????????????????????????/?????????????????
????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???
??????? ??????? Table of significant changes on
the land of ancient Siam / Siam /Thailand Adapted
from Sujit Wongthes Social and Cultural History
of Siam / Thailand.
????????????????????/????? Phase of
living/society

• - ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• - Hunting gathering to early agriculture.
• - Nomadic to early settlement.

???????? Date ?????? ??,??? ???
?,??????????? Almost 10,000 to 5,000 years ago
????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? ???? ??????????? Humans of many tribes
buried their dead, the corpse sprinkled with red
ochre and accompanied with grave goods, for
instance pottery
13
??????????????? ??????????????????????
??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
??????????????? Ancient Southeast Asians were
animist, each tribe with its own belief-system.
However a common element among them was the
importance given to the serpent (Naga ???) and
the frog.

• ??????
• ?,??? ???
• ?,???
• ????????
• About
• 4,000 years
• to 3,000
• years ago

????????????? ????? ???????? Beginning of
metal, iron and salt ages.
??????????????/?????????/?????????????????????????
?? ?????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????? The use of the
bronze drum, frog drum or Dong Son drum
(???????????? - which is endemic to Southeast
Asia) as the symbol of sacrament, fertility and
tribal leadership.
14

• ???
• ?,???
• ????????
• About 2,500 years ago

??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ????????/??????? Absorption of Indian
civilization through traders and other castes
accompanying them, i.e. the Kshatriyas, Brahmanas.
???????????????????????????? ??????????????? Urba
nization in Suvarnabhumi with maritime trade.
??? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????
???????? ? ??? ??????????????????????
???????????????????????? ????????????????????
????????????? Some 300
years after the Parinivarna of the Buddha , two
Buddhist monks namely Sona and Uttara, traveling
in trading ships, introduced Buddhism to
Suvarnabhumi.
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??? ?.?. ? In B.E. 1, the term Suvarnabhumi is
found in
the Indian traders record.
15
Asia
16
Map showing routes by which Indian civilization
spread through Southeast Asia.
17
????,??? ???????? About 2,500 years ago

• - ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????/???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• - Beginning of class system / the concept of
  kingship.
• - Small local communities developing into larger
  entities, eventually giving rise to the state and
  enabling chieftains to become monarchs with
  Sanskrit names and naming their states after
  cities in Indian literature.

??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
?????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
??????????? At the same time, Brahmans were
spreading Hinduism, causing some maritime
communities to embrace Buddhism and others to
embrace Hinduism yet other communities changed
from one religion to the other, thus giving rise
to mixed Hindu-Buddhist communities.
???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????? The choice of
religion rested with the leaders of the local
communities, not with the traders or missionaries
from India.
???????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
????????????? The low class remained in their
former condition as animists they had no access
to Hinduism or Buddhism that still belonged
exclusively to the ruling classes.
18

• ??? ?,??? ???
• ?,??? ??
• ??????
• About 2,000
• years to
• 1,500 years
• ago

????????????????????????????? The rise of
Indianised cities
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
The cities and states variously professing
Hinduism and Buddhism.
19
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ??????? The rulers of
U-Thong chose Buddhism as their religion and
probably built the first stupa there. Thereafter
the building of stupas spread elsewhere, for
instance to Nakhon Pathom.

• - ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? (??????????????????????????????
  )
• ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ????????????????? ???????
  ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ????????
  (??????????????????)??????????????????
• - The rise of U-Thong on the west of the Chao
  Phraya basin (in the present Suphanburi
  Province).
• - The rise of other major states in the Chao
  Phraya basin, the most important being the To Lo
  Po Ti or Dvaravati, and further inland, for
  instance Haribhunjaya on the Ping, Vientiane on
  the Mekong and on the peninsula was Yarang (in
  Pattani).

??????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????? The
first rulers of U-Thong, however, also accepted
other forms of Indian culture. They studied the
major scriptures of both Buddhism and Hinduism.
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ???? ?????????????????? Buddhist scriptures
included the Sutras and the Jatakas, as shown by
inscriptions and later stucco.
????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
??????????? ????????????????????????
???????????????????? Hindu scriptures included
the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as shown by the
names of later cities and kings.
20

• ??? ?,??? ??
• ??????
• About 1,000 years
• ago

??????????????????????????????????????????????????
/?????? ?????????????????????????????????
(????????????????????????) ??????????????????? St
ates on the Andaman coast adhered to Theravada
Buddhism, while the states around the Tonle Sap
(in present Cambodia) were predominantly Hindu.
21
?????????????????????????????????????? ????????
????????????????????????????????????????? (????
?????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????/??????
???????????????????????????????????? Great
political changes occurred, i.e. change of
dynasty and relocation of political centers (for
instance Lavo relocated to Ayodhaya on the bank
of the Chao Phraya, while Sukhodaya arose on the
Yom, Suphanburi on the Tha Chin, while Nakhon Si
Thammarat arose in the South, all adhering to the
earlier Theravada form of Buddhism that prevailed
in Suvarnabhumi and Dvaravati.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??-?? ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????/?????? Cambodia changed from Hinduism
to Mahayana Buddhism, with its center at Angor
and influencing communities in Mun-Chi (?????????
??) and Chao Phraya Basins, causing conflict
with the states adhering to Theravada Buddhism.

• ????
• ?.?.????
• After
• about
• 1150 A.D.

22
???????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ???????????????
???????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????? The king
of Suphanburi joined force with Sukhodaya, and
with help of the Chinese overcame the Lopburi
dynasty ruling Ayudhya, and made himself master
of a greater kingdom including the Central Plain,
Nakhon Si Thammarat and Sukhodaya, acknowledged
by foreign powers for the first time as the
Kingdom of Siam.

• ???? ?.?.
• ????
• After about 1357

??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
Emergence of other religions such as Islam and
Christianity.
23
???????
????????
????.?.???? About 1650 A.D.
????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ?????????????
??????????? ??????? (????) ??????? ????????-
??????? (???) Bas-reliefs on the wall
surrounding Angor Wat in Cambodia, depicting the
procession of the Lavo (left) following that of
the Siam (right).
24
(No Transcript)
25
?????????????????????????????? (????)
???????????????????????? (???) ??????????????????
Ancient maps depicting the Kingdom of Siam (left)
and of Ayutthaya, referring to Ayutthaya as Siam
(right)
26
??????(????)

• ?.?.????
• ????????
• 1767 A.D.
• The fall of Ayutthaya

???????????????????? ???????????????????
????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????
Ayudhaya fell and reestablished itself in
Thonburi, spreading its power over Lanna,
Lanchang- Vientieane etc.
??????????????????????????????
27
??????????
???????????????????????
???????????????? ??????
28

• ?.?.????
• 1782A.D.
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ??????? ??
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• Bangkok was established as the new capital of
  country known
• internationally as Syam or Siam. Its
  muti-racial inhabitants were
• known as Siamese, reflecting a two-thousand
  years inheritance
• from Suvarnabhumi.

29
?????????? ???? ????????????? ?
?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
Our country was known as Siam in the Fifth Reign
and even after the national flag and arm had been
changed in the Sixth Reign.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? ?
???????????????????? ????
30
???????????(????????)

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????????? ????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????? ???????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????? ???????????

??????????? ????????????????????????????
???????????????? ???????????????
????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2475
?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?.
2482
31
?.?.???? 1939 A.D.
??????????? ?.??????????? ????????????????????????
???? ?????????? ???? ????????? (Thailand)
???????????????????????????????????? ?????
?????????????????????? Siam was renamed Thailand
by the government of Marshal P. Pibulsongkram,
and its many varied peoples all became,
willy-nilly, Thais, by which they remain today.