Offshore Fatigue: A Survey

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Background

• Why look at technology
• Increasing use of technology at sea changing
  traditional working practices
• Potential to help in other areas (e.g. fatigue)
• Is more technology always a good thing?

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Background

• The Project
• European Integrated Project. FLAGSHIP
• European Framework for Safe, Efficient and
  Environmentally-friendly Ship Operations
• c.50 Partners
• Ship Owners, Universities, Equipment
  Manufacturers, Unions, Architects

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Background

• The Project
• Work packages A-H
• D2.1 Analysis of stakeholder resistance to
  changes in present working practice
• Cardiff leaders
• Survey of seafarers assessing resistance to new
  technology at sea

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Pilot

• Future studies volunteers from Fatigue study
• Online questionnaire. Open questions
• Ask the right questions
• Developed a questionnaire

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The Questionnaire
Online (www.technologyatsea.com)
Paper
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The Questionnaire

• Questions
• Resistance to new technology (general Specific)
• Computer literacy
• E-mail / Internet
• Seafarers work situation
• Demographics

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The Sample

• 2,681 questionnaire returned from across Europe
• British sample. Officers
• 3000 paper questionnaires through NAUTILUS UK.
  664 returned (22.1).
• 155 online
• Total 819

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Results

• General resistance to new technology
• To what extent do you generally feel resistant,
  for whatever reason, to the introduction of new
  technology onboard ships?

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Results

• General resistance to new technology

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Results

• Narrowed down to specific pieces of technology
• Reliability
• User Friendliness
• Standardisation across ships

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Results

• RADAR/ARPA
• AIS
• ECDIS/Electronic chart systems
• GPS
• Machinery space monitoring equipment
• Example Radar

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Radar / ARPA
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Results

• Different Makes / Models
• No alarming rejection of any one specific
  technology.
• Standardisation
• Technology is supported

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Results

• Q64 Would you generally like to see more or
  less technology onboard the ships you work with?
• 9.1 Would like to see less
• 54.8 About right
• 36.1 Would like to see more

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Results

• Cultural attitudes towards technology
• Puts seafarers out of work
• Introduced without sufficient training
• Undervalues the skills of the seafarer
• Too unreliable to be of practical use
• Cadets and new seafarers rely on technology too
  much

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Results

• Specific reasons for resisting new technology

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Results

• Specific reasons for resisting new technology

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Results

• Specific reasons for resisting new technology

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Results

• Different pattern for two questions

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Results

• Specific reasons for resisting new technology

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Results

• Specific reasons for resisting new technology

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Results

• If you were given money to improve the
  usefulness of technology onboard ship where would
  you consider the best place to spend it?
• 1. New technology / up to date equipment
• 2. Increased integration of existing technology
• 3. Better training of crew on how to use
  technology
• 4. Other

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Results

• Q9 If you were given money to improve the
  usefulness of technology onboard ship where would
  you consider the best place to spend it?

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Results

• Technology and Training
• Feel technology on ships is a good thing.
  However people should be trained. Much training
  done with different equipment to that onboard
• In general it is not the tech that causes probs
  but lack of training in the use of it
• Tech is thrust upon seafarers without
  consultation and with little or no training
  and/or support. Tech has created work for its own
  sake in some areas whilst useful in others.

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Results

• The greatest resistance to new technology onboard
  ship concerned training

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Comparative Analysis

• Next.
• Comparative analysis. Who are the most
  resistant to new technology at sea?

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Comparative Analysis

• General resistance score
• Logistic regression
• Age, Department, Tour Type, Flag, Crew Size, Age
  of Vessel, Computer literacy, Level of technology
  installed on ship

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Results
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Results
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Conclusion 1

• Resistance to new technology
• was found to be greatest amongst
• older seafarers and those with
• low computer literacy
• Technology as a generational division

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Conclusion 2

• Training is the area seafarers
• are most concerned about in terms
• of the introduction of new technology
• onboard ship

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Conclusion 2

• However

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Conclusion 2
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Conclusion 2

• Training should not be used
• to compensate for
• poor design principles

Training
Equipment design
Successful use of technology
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Where next?

• Training in technology identified as a problem
  but cost/benefit of investing in training vs.
  improving equipment design needs to be
  investigated

Training
Equipment design
Successful use of technology