Health, Wellness, and Illness

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Health, Wellness, and Illness

• By
• Raquel D. Esguerra RN, MAN, CCRN

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HEALTH

• What does
• HEALTH
• mean to you ?

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Definitions of Health

• state of being well and using every power the
  individual possesses to the fullest extent.
• Nightingale, 1969
• a state of complete physical, mental, and social
  well-being, and not merely the absence of disease
  or infirmity.
• World Health Organization (WHO)-

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• a dynamic state of being in which the development
  and behavioral potential of an individual is
  realized to the fullest extent possible.
• American Nurses Association (ANA) 1980

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WELLNESS

• Basic Concepts
• Self-responsibility
• An ultimate goal
• A dynamic, growing process
• Daily decision making in the areas of nutrition,
  stress management, physical fitness, preventive
  health care, emotional health, and other aspects
  of health
• The whole being of the individual

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Seven Components of Wellness

• Physical
• Social
• Emotional
• Intellectual
• Spiritual
• Occupational
• Environemental

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Well-Being

• Subjective perception of vitality and feeling
  well.
• Can be plotted on a continuum.

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Models of Health and Wellness

• Clinical model state of not being sick
• Role performance model work is the most
  important role
• Adaptive model disease is the failure in
  adaptation
• Eudemonistic model actualization or realization
  of a persons potential
• Ecologic Model dynamic interactive elements of
  Agent, Host, Environment
• Health-Illness Continua- good, normal, poor,
  extremely poor, death

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Internal Variables Affecting Health

• Biologic dimension
• Genetics, sex, age
• Psychologic dimension
• Mind-body interactions
• Cognitive dimension
• Lifestyle
• Spiritual religious
• beliefs

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External Variables Affecting Health

• Environment
• Standards of living
• Family and cultural beliefs
• Social Support Networks

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Health Belief Models

• Health Locus of Control Model
• Internals health is self-determined
• Externals health is controlled by outside
  forces
• Rosenstocks and Beckers Health Belief Models
• Individual perceptions
• Modifying factors
• Likelihood of action

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Health Care Adherence

• Group discussion
• What factors influence how closely or whether or
  not a client will or will not follow medical or
  health advice?
• What factors often lead to nonadherence to
  prescribed medication treatment?
• What might you do differently in advising clients
  who are children or elders?

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Non-adherence
Against Medical Advice
AMA
Conflicting opinions
Blocked Communication
Arbitration
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When the client is non-adherent

• Do not take it personally
• Do not criticize
• Identify the obstacles (Dont assume you know)
• Acknowledge difficulty of change and praise
  clients efforts
• Adjust the plan
• Utilize all available resources and enlist help
  of support persons.
• Shorten follow-up interval

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ILLNESS AND DISEASE

• ILLNESS a highly personal state in which a
  persons physical, emotional, intellectual,
  social, developmental, or spiritual functioning
  is thought to be diminished
• May be acute or chronic
• DISEASE alterations in body functions resulting
  in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the
  normal life span

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Illness Behaviors

• Behavior in response to illness is highly
  variable.
• Certain illnesses carry social stigma and are
  often are not treated as illness, but rather as a
  moral or character failure by the client, family,
  society, and even medical providers.

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Examples

• Chemical dependency
• HIV
• Mental illness
• STDs
• Head lice, parasites
• Disfiguring genetic disorders

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Parsons Sick Role Aspects

• Clients not held responsible for their condition.
• Clients excused from certain social roles and
  tasks.
• Clients obliged to make efforts to get well as
  quickly as possible.
• Clients or their families are obliged to seek
  competent help.

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Suchmans Stages of Illness

• Symptoms
• Sick Role
• Medical care contact
• Dependent client role
• Recovery or rehabilitation
• Stages may be skipped

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Effects of Illness

• Behavioral and emotional changes
• Changes in self-concept and body image
• Lifestyle changes
• AT RISK for loss of autonomy.

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ANY QUESTIONS ?