European Renaissance

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European Renaissance and Reformation, 13001600
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
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SECTION
The Northern Renaissance
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SECTION
Luther Starts the Reformation
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SECTION
The Reformation Continues
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SECTION
GRAPH
MAP
Visual Summary
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European Renaissance and Reformation, 13001600
Two great European movementsthe Renaissance and
the Reformationusher in dramatic cultural and
social changes. The Renaissance marked the
flowering of artistic creativity, while the
Reformation led to new Christian beliefs.
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European Renaissance and Reformation, 13001600
Time Line
1300 Renaissance begins in Italy.
1513 Machiavelli writes The Prince.
1564 William Shakespeare born.
1555 Peace of Augsburg ends religious wars in
Germany.
1455 Gutenberg Bible printed.
1534 Henry VIII becomes head of Englands church,
breaking ties with Rome.
1558 Elizabeth I rules England.
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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
Key Idea
The Renaissance, a period of intellectual and
artistic creativity, flourishes in Italy,
beginning about 1300. Versatile artists transform
painting, sculpture, and literature.
Overview
Assessment
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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
Overview
Renaissance humanism secular patron
perspective vernacular
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The European Renaissance, a rebirth of learning
and the arts, began in Italy in the 1300s.
Renaissance ideas about classical studies, art,
and literature still influence modern thought.
Assessment
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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Record the main ideas from the section
about the Italian Renaissance.
Urban centers
Wealthy merchant class
Classical heritage
Humanism
Patronage of arts
New painting techniques
Famous writers
continued . . .
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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
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Section
Assessment
2. Name three people from this section whom you
regard as a Renaissance man or a Renaissance
woman. Explain your choices. THINK ABOUT
the idea of the universal man
Castigliones description of such a person
which people from this section seem to match
that description
ANSWER
Michelangeloarchitect, sculptor, painter, and
poet Leonardopainter, sculptor, inventor, and
scientist Isabella dEstepolitical leader and
patron of the arts
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
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Section
Assessment
3. How did the Renaissance revolutionize European
art and thought? THINK ABOUT
changes in ideas since medieval times
changes in artistic techniques
changes in artistic subjects
ANSWER
Renaissance scholars rejected some teachings
of medieval Christianity and looked to classical
writers for inspiration. Renaissance artists
revolutionized art by using perspective and a
more realistic style and by glorifying the
individual.
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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The Northern Renaissance
Key Idea
In the 1400s, Renaissance ideas spread to
northern Europe, where German and Flemish masters
create distinctive works of art. The books of
northern Renaissance writers and philosophers
become widely available because of the invention
of the printing press.
Overview
Assessment
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The Northern Renaissance
Overview
Utopia printing press Gutenberg Bible
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
In the 1400s, northern Europeans began to adapt
the ideas of the Renaissance.
Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the
individual are a strong part of modern thought.
Assessment
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The Northern Renaissance
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List important events in the Northern
Renaissance.
1455 Gutenberg prints Bible on printing press.
1509 Erasmus writes The Praise of Folly.
1592 Shakespeare writes plays in London.
1494 Dürer studies in Italy.
1516 More writes Utopia.
continued . . .
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The Northern Renaissance
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Section
Assessment
2. Choose one Northern Renaissance figure.
Explain how he or she was influenced by
Renaissance ideas. THINK ABOUT
the influence of humanism
the use of new techniques
the concept of the Renaissance man or woman
ANSWER
continued . . .
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The Northern Renaissance
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Section
Assessment
Dürer was influenced by realism and classical
ideas. Van Eyck was influenced by realism and
helped develop the oil painting. Bruegel was
interested in realistic details and peasant life.
Erasmus and More combined humanist and
Christian values in their calls for reform.
Shakespeare was influenced by the classics and
wrote in the vernacular. Queen Elizabeth was a
monarch, a poet, a patron of the arts, and a
linguist.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Luther Starts the Reformation
Key Idea
Martin Luther, a German monk, challenges the
authority of the Catholic Church and triggers the
Reformationa movement for religious reform. The
Reformation spreads to England when King Henry
VIII breaks ties with the Catholic Church.
Overview
Assessment
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Luther Starts the Reformation
Overview
indulgence Reformation Lutheran
Protestant Peace of Augsburg annul
Anglican
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Martin Luthers protest over abuses in the
Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant
churches.
Nearly one-fourth of the Christians in todays
world are Protestants.
Assessment
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Luther Starts the Reformation
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the main cause and several effects
of Luthers action in posting the 95 Theses.
Luther protests.
Pope excommunicates Luther.
Luther declared a heretic.
Tetzel sells indulgences under false pretenses.
Lutheran church begins.
German peasants revolt.
Charles V goes to war against Protestant princes
of Germany.
continued . . .
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Luther Starts the Reformation
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Section
Assessment
2. Who do you think had a better reason to break
with the Church, Luther or Henry VIII? THINK ABOUT
why Luther criticized the Church
what Henry asked the pope to do for him
the Churchs response to Luther
the popes response to Henry
ANSWER
Luthers reasonslegitimate complaints about
indulgences and other Church problems
excommunication Henrys reasonshis annulments
denied popes political maneuvers
Possible Responses
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Luther Starts the Reformation
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Section
Assessment
3. Which of Luthers ideas do you think might
have motivated the peasants to revolt in 1524?
Explain. THINK ABOUT
Luthers criticisms of the Church
what change the peasants demanded
the actions the peasants took
ANSWER
The equality of all Christians spurred peasants
to demand an end to serfdom. Peasants
disrespected Church authority by raiding the
monasteries.
Possible Response
End of Section 3
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The Reformation Continues
GRAPH
MAP
Key Idea
John Calvin develops a system of Protestant
theology that gains popularity among other
European reformers. To stem the spread of
Protestantism, the Catholic Church initiates its
own reforms.
Overview
Assessment
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The Reformation Continues
GRAPH
MAP
Overview
predestination Calvinism theocracy
Presbyterian Anabaptist Catholic
Reformation Jesuits Council of Trent
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began
new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also
made reforms.
Many Protestant churches began during this
period, and many Catholic schools are the result
of Catholic reforms.
Assessment
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The Reformation Continues
GRAPH
MAP
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Compare the ideas of reformers who came
after Luther.

• People are sinful by nature.
• Ideal government is a theocracy.

• Only adults baptized
• Church and state separate.

• Church interpretation of Bible is final.
• Need faith and good works to be saved

continued . . .
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The Reformation Continues
GRAPH
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. Which of the steps taken by Popes Paul III and
Paul IV to reform the Catholic Church do you
think were wise? Which were unwise? Explain.
THINK ABOUT
the goals of the reforming popes
whether the steps clearly addressed those
goals
possible effects of each step
ANSWER
WiseCalling the council of cardinals and the
Council of Trent helped clarify the Catholic
position on controversial issues approving the
Jesuits helped combat Protestantism and spread
Catholicism. UnwiseUsing the Inquisition may
have made martyrs out of Protestants creating
the Index of Forbidden Booksblocked the spread
of new ideas.
Possible Responses
End of Section 4