Review

1
600-1450

• Review

2
Americas - Aztec, Inca, Maya Political system
Theocratic, Autocratic monarchy Economic
Agriculture based Religion Polytheistic, Human
sacrifice New Labor system Mita Gender Roles
Patriarchal, women had more legal rights such as
property inheritance. A woman could pass on land
and any other belongings to her daughter, as a
man to his son. Achievements Calendar,
higher-level math (concept of 0), advanced water
system, bridges tunnels.
3
Europe 500-1200 Political system
Feudalism Economic system Manorialism Religion
Christianity/Catholic Gender roles
Patriarchal 1200-1500 Political system
National Monarchy Cultural interaction
Crusades, trade begins again Demographic
changes Increased with technology, but decreased
with Bubonic Plague, then increased again with
trade
Japan Political system Feudalism Economic
Agriculture based Labor system
Serfdom Religion Buddhism, Shintoism Gender
Roles Patriarchal, women samurai First novel by
a woman Cultural Interaction Trade, massive
cultural diffusion with China
4
Dar alIslam Abbasid Caliphate Political
system Theocratic/Autocratic Monarchy Gender
Roles Patriarchal, veiling of women, harems-
section of the house where the women stayed and
only men of the family could go women had more
legal rights divorce. Cultural Interaction
trade with Europe Crusades Achievements Arabic
numbers, Math, Science, Calligraphy, Medicines,
Libraries, Universities.
Byzantine Location Present day Greece and
Turkey Religion Christian/Eastern Orthodox
(spreads to Russia) Political systemTheocratic/A
utocratic monarchy
5
China Tang Song 1279-1368 Political system
Autocratic monarchy Economic Agriculture
based   Labor system Free labor with
corveé   Achievements Gunpowder, compass, paper,
printing, iron, silk, paper money, champa
rice   Cultural Interaction/influence on Japan,
Korea, Vietnam
Mongol Empire 1200-1300 Occupation originally
nomadic pastoralists Achievements controlled
largest land empire ever, promoted cultural
diffusion, Mongol Peace Gender roles
Patriarchal, omen were allowed to fight as
warriors women had influence over Khans
6
India Religion Hinduism   Northern India
conquered by Islamic Armies   New religion
introduced Islam   Gender roles Patriarchal,
caste system gave women little mobility Sati
practice pressuring women to commit suicide after
the death of their husband
Africa Ghana, Mali Songhai   Political system
autocratic monarchy Religion Islam and/or
animism   Cultural Interaction Gold-Salt trade
(trans-Saharan trade), Bantu migrations,
slavery   Human Migrations Bantu migrations,
Muslims coming to Northern Africa to settle
7
The Bookends

• 600- Great Classical Empires have fallen (Han,
  Rome, Gupta)
• 570-632- The coming of Islam
• 1000- Trade increases both by land and sea
• 1211-The beginning of Mongol conquests
• 1347-beginnings of Bubonic plague in Med. World

8
The Bookends

• 1405-1433-Zheng Hes voyages in the Indian Ocean
• 1441-Beginnings of Portuguese Slave Trade
• 1450- Fall of Constantinople and decline of Silk
  Roads
• 1450- Europe looks to the Atlantic

9
Things to Remember

• Tremendous growth in trade due to improvements in
  technology
• Major technological (navigational) developments
• Movement of People (Mongols)greatly altered the
  world
• Spread of religion and trade acted as a unifying
  force
• Political structures of many areas adapted and
  changed due to the new conditions of the world

10
Growth in Trade

• Long distance trade increased tremendously
• Silk Road benefited from big empires and peace
• Islamic Caliphate
• Mongol Empire
• Indian Ocean Trade
• Trans-Saharan trade
• Mediterranean Trade

11
Technology

• Maritime
• Compass
• Ship building tech (rudders, hulls, sails)
• Overland
• camel saddle, stirrup
• Defense
• short bow, gunpowder,

12
Demography

• Bantu peoples moved along Congo River and further
  south and east in Africa. Evidence Bantu
  language
• Vikings moved along rivers and oceans into Europe
  (and even to the New World?) Comparison Viking
  ships horses of other nomads

13
Demography

• Turks and Mongols moved southward and westward
  from the steppes of Asia bringing bubonic plague
  to China and Europe
• Polynesian migrations with canoes to the islands
  in the Pacific

14
Social Gender Structure

• Religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and
  Islam preached equality of all peoples (social
  classes and gender)
• Societies are still very unequal and patriarchal
• Some religions like Buddhism and Christianity
  allow women to have monastic roles, which gives
  them choices.

15
Cultural Diffusion

• Trade spread of religions cultural ideas!!!
• Christianity spread in Europe Eastern Med.
  Unifying force during political fragmentation.
• Buddhism spread in Asia esp. SE Asia where
  islands had a trade relationship with India.
• Islam spread cultural religious ideas as it
  expanded under the Umayyads Abbasids.
• Confucianism spread as Chinas influence grew in
  East and SE Asia.

16
Political

• Centralized Empires
• Tang and Song in China
• Byzantine in Eastern Med.
• Umayyad Abbasid Caliphates in central Asia
• Decentralized regions
• Western Europe and Japan (FEUDALISM!)
• Mongol Empire - (they later changed political and
  economic structure)
• 4 khanates

17
Changes

• Europe (before Crusades)
• Feudalism manorialism begin no centralized
  government
• Less learning occurs only Church and nobles can
  afford
• Crusades plague decrease in population
• Catholic Church only unifying institution
• Ruralization move away from cities
• Decrease in trade
• Europe (after Crusades)
• Increase in nationalism power of the monarch
• Decrease in power of the Church
• Urbanization
• Increase in trade
• Decline of feudalism

18
Changes

• Asia
• Mongols take control - Pax Mongolika, spread of
  technology
• Chinese Technology Gunpowder, compass, paper,
  printing, iron, silk, paper money,
• Population changes champa rice increases
  population plague decreases
• Japan feudalism massive cultural diffusion
  with China
• Islamic World (Dar alIslam)
• Spread of religion and culture through trade
• Rights for women
• Crusades
• Experience a Renaissance

19
Changes

• Africa
• Bantu migrations cultural similarities in
  sub-Saharan Africa
• Gold-salt trade
• Rulers convert to Islam, many commoners remain
  animistic
• General
• Classical empires have fallen and new ones have
  been created
• Migrations of nomadic peoples cause major
  international changes and diffusion of ideas and
  diseases
• Transcontinental trade
• Trade spread religions and technology

20
Continuities

• Role of religion important in life and continues
  to spread
• Trade routes continue to link areas together
• Nomadic tribes still moving (Mongols and Bantus)
• Patriarchal societies with Social hierarchies
• Monarchies