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Music History II

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Magical nutcracker comes to life at night. Leads army of toy soldiers against mice ... Clara saves nutcracker who is transformed. Takes Clara on a magical ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Music History II


1
Music History II
  • Lecture Notes 7

2
The Orchestra in the 19th C.
  • Civic Orchestra second half of the century
  • Three great orchestras founded Philharmonic
    Society of London (1813) Vienna Philharmonic
    (1842) New York Philharmonic (1842)
  • Three venues other than the concert hall Dance
    hall Music hall Parade ground

3
Popular Dances of the 19th C.
  • Quadrille
  • Polka
  • Waltz Origin Vienna, late 18th
    century Attractive by its own nature Dancing
    and embracing now acceptable

4
An der schönen blauen Donau
  • Extended introduction
  • Series of waltzes, most in binary form
  • Each with its own theme
  • Intro in A as dominant of D most in D
  • Fourth waltz in F
  • Extended coda, reprise of opening theme
  • Units of 4 or 8 mm., form units of 16 or 32
  • Most set in a simple ABA pattern

5
Pop Connection
  • Related to ragtime, blues, rock and
    roll Symmetrical phrase structure Rhythmic
    organization Structural predictability

6
Haddons Opinion
  • Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-de ay A music hall song of the
    1890s Senseless ditty
    Dismal yet fascinating melody Drove all
    London mad Became an epidemic Sung and
    played everywhere

7
Strausss Orchestra
  • And just what is that instrument?
  • Several other stringed instruments
  • Some brass tubas clearly visible
  • Percussion (timpani, bass drum)
  • Woodwind instruments?

8
The March King
  • King Cotton March commissioned
  • Modular units of 4, 8, 16, 32 measures
  • Harmonically many end in the subdominant
  • Melodically mostly diatonic supported by basic
    harmonies
  • Rhythm straightforward with occasionally
    difficult passages

9
Music in the United States
  • The first long running journal devoted to
    coverage of American music Dwights Journal of
    Music (Boston, 1852 - 1881)

10
Ballet and Abstract v. Concrete
  • It is less abstract than instrumental music
  • It avoids the specificity of opera
  • The audience is free to interpret the movement of
    the dancers

11
Ballet Technical Innovations
  • A more athletic kind of movement
  • Dancing en pointe
  • Shorter costumes designed to reveal the human
    form
  • Choreography avoided realism
  • Large company, focus on prima ballerina
  • Dancers primarily female until early 20th C.

12
French Composers of Ballet
  • The two most prominent Adolphe Adam (1803 -
    1856) Léo Delibes (1836 -1891)

13
The Nutcracker
  • Hoffmanns story real life and fairy-tale
  • Drosselmeyers gift to Clara
  • Magical nutcracker comes to life at night
  • Leads army of toy soldiers against mice
  • Clara saves nutcracker who is transformed
  • Takes Clara on a magical journey
  • Sugar Plum Fairy
  • Sounds of exotic lands in Act II

14
Tchaikovsky in the U. S.
  • Carnegie Hall
  • Knabe Company of Baltimore
  • Boston, 1875

15
The Symphonic Poem
  • A Programmatic work for orchestra in one movement
  • Sharing time on the life and work of Richard
    Strauss

16
More Symphonies
  • Growing size of the orchestra
  • More civic orchestras
  • Concert series
  • Public nature of the genre

17
Nationalism in the Symphony
  • Some composers Rimsky-Korsakov Tchaikovs
    ky Balakirev Borodin Heinrich
    Gottschalk Beach Dvorák

18
Where was Dvorák?
  • The United States
  • Inspiration Folk songs of Native Americans and
    African Americans
  • Didactic motivations To show American composers
    how to use indigenous music to create a
    distinctively American style
  • Symphony No. 9 From the New World

19
Pentatonic Scale
  • The Nutcracker F-A-B?-C-D
  • From the New World D?-E?-F-A?-B? C?-D?-
    E-G?-B E-F?-G?-B-C?

20
Goin home
  • W. A. Fishers words to the Largo theme Goin
    home, goin home, Im a-goin home / Quiet
    like, some still day, I jes goin home
  • The second movement begins and ends in ?
  • The middle section is in the key of ?

21
Brahms
  • Four symphonies
  • The fourth movement of Symphony No. 4 Theme and
    Variations Theme from Bachs Cantata No. 150
  • Composer profile

22
Mahler
  • Composer profile
  • Symphony No. 1, Movement 3 Schwinds woodcut
    How Animals Bury the Hunter (The world turned
    upside down) Theme origin A minor-mode
    variant of Frère Jacques

23
More on Mahler
  • Klezmer music (m. 39) Steady oompah in the low
    strings, bass drum, and cymbals
  • Tune source (m. 83) The Two Blue Eyes of My
    Beloved (And the composer is ?)
  • Mahler and Beethoven Earnest, sincere,
    unselfconscious (the latter) beautiful melodies
    filled with irony great contrasts in his later
    symphonies (the former)

24
Historical Perspective
  • The United States, 1789 to 1917
  • What did you find?
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