Melding Physics and Biology:

1
Melding Physics and Biology The Opportunities of
Coupled Observation Model Systems Oscar
Schofield, Mark Moline, Paul Bissett, Scott
Glenn (representing many)
l Provides a coordinated database for
physics/chemistry/biology l Provides a framework
to characterize episodic events l Scaleable
for the process of interest
Our sponsors
2
The Science Problem Many interacting processes
over many scales
Modified from Dickey
3
The Applied Problem Rapid Environmental
Assessment Need data (with uncertainties) now
Source NATO conference on Rapid Environmental
Assessment
4
For Bioluminscence 1) Rapid Environmental
Assessment for for physics and biology?
(Oscar) 2) How much bioluminscence is there?
(Mark) 3) What is the operational importance?
(Paul)
Spatial Temporal Problems Patterns in a 3-D
ocean Platforms Satellites, Radar, Moorings,
Ships, AUVs
Case Examples for Northeast US (mostly from
LEO-15)

• Multi-Disciplinary Studies of Coastal Upwelling
  on a Highly Stratified, Shallow, Wide Shelf
• 3-D Structure, Evolution and Dynamics of the
  Recurrent Upwelling Centers and their
  Interactions with Topography
• Effects on Biological/Chemical Processes
  Including Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Larval
  Distributions, and Hypoxia
• Effects of Biology and Sediment Transport on
  Ocean Color and Visibility

5
(No Transcript)
6
Advantages 1) Good Spatial Coverage 2) Coherence
between optical and physical features Disadvantag
es 1) Spatial Resolution 2) Depth Information? 3)
Bulk Communities
7
Sea Surface Height (m) and Surface Currents
(cm/s) - 20 July, 1998
8
Currents from Radar
Advantages Real-time, scaleable, derived
products (divergence), robust
Disadvantages surface
9
These systems are robust, providing data during
episodic events, which can play a disportionately
large role in driving bloom ( glow) events
10
(No Transcript)
11
NEOOS HF-Radar Backbone
Existing Systems (2) Funded Systems (7)
12
NEOOS HF-Radar Backbone
Existing Systems (2) Funded Systems
(7) Proposed Systems (7) Total Systems
(16)
13
Ocean Color Products
Remote sensing reflectance at wavelength 412,
443, 490, 510, 555 and 670 nm Diffuse attenuation
coefficient at 532 nm by Mueller Surface albedo
measured at 865 nm Chlorophyll a concentration by
Rick Stumpf Absorption at wavelength 412 nm due
to dissolved organics Absorption at wavelength
443 nm due to phytoplankton Absorption at
wavelength 412, 443, 490, 510, 555 and 670 nm by
Robert Arnone Backscatter at 443 and 555 nm by
Robert Arnone Chlorophyll a concentration by
Kendall Carder Absorption at wavelength 412, 443,
490, 510, 555 and 670 nm by Kendall
Carder Absorption at wavelength 412 nm due to
dissolved organics by Kendall Carder Absorption
at wavelength 443 nm due to phytoplankton by
Kendall Carder Backscatter at 443 and 555 nm by
Kendall Carder Attenuation at 670 nm by Kendall
Carder SeaDas Products Upwelling/Nonwelling
radiance at 670 and 865 nm Chlorophyll a
concentration Coastal Zone Color Scanner Diffuse
attenuation at 490 nm Water leaving radiance at
412, 443, 490 510 and 555 nm Normalized
difference vegetation index Optical Depth at 865
nm
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Delineating different species will be difficult.
Will require hyperspectral data, if possible.
Some dinoflagellates might be identifiable from
basic optics (Kirkpatrick et al. In press)
17
Cabled Robotic Profilers
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
REMUS Navigation / Thermistor Network
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Shipboard surveys
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
REMUS Accomplishments at LEO-15
1997
First Sea Trials
Cost REMUS - 160/km R/V Caleta (30ft.) - 40/km
1998
Docking ADCP Data Collection 10 Missions, 261
km 4 Month Data Delay
1999
ADCP Data Collection First Night Bioluminescence
Mission 8 Missions, 377 km Processed Data
Available at End of Mission
2000
ADCP/CTD/Optical Data Collection Undulating
Mode 11 Missions, 440 km Target Processed Data
Available at End of Mission
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
ECOSIM
From Bissett, 1999ab DSR
33
Bottom Layer Along Shore, Time-integrated
Transport (July, 1999)
104m2
34
Coupled multi-platform systems show promise
in providing the physical and biological fields
over ecologically and tactically relevant scales
Problems to be overcome include extracting from
optical signals into bioluminscence relevant
signals
Coupled systems should have all aspects
(observations models physics/chemistry/optics)
mature in concert