CARNIVORES

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CARNIVORES
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Molecular phylogeny of placentals
From Springer et al. 2005. Molecular evidence
for major placental clades Chap. 4, The Rise of
Placental Mammals.
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Suborder
Caniformia Family Canidae dogs,
wolves, etc. Subfamily
Borophaginae hyaena-like dogs
Family Amphicyonidae bear-dogs
Family Ursidae bears, giant
panda Family Ailuridae
red panda Family Mephitidae
skunks Family Procyonidae raccoon,
etc Family Mustelidae weasels,
etc. Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals Suborder
Feliformia Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae civits
Family Herpestidae mongooses
Family Eupleridae Malagasy
carnivores Family Nimravidae
false cats Family Felidae cats
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Suborder
Caniformia Family Canidae dogs,
wolves, etc. Subfamily
Borophaginae hyaena-like dogs
Family Amphicyonidae bear-dogs
Family Ursidae bears, giant
panda Family Ailuridae
red panda Family Mephitidae
skunks Family Procyonidae raccoon,
etc Family Mustelidae weasels,
etc. Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals Suborder
Feliformia Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae civits
Family Herpestidae mongooses
Family Eupleridae Malagasy
carnivores Family Nimravidae
false cats Family Felidae cats
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CARNIVORES (Orders Creodontia
Carnivora) Temporal distribution and phylogenetic
relationships
Creodonts
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ORDER CREODONTA Family Oxyaenidae
Paleocene-Eocene (Eurasia, North America)
3 1 4 3 3 1 4 3
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Oxyaena
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ORDER CREODONTA Family Hyaenodontidae
Paleocene-Oligocene (Eurasia, North America,
Africa)
3 1 4 2-3 3 1 4 2-3
40-44
Hyaenodon
Limnocyon
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
CREODONT Hyaenodon
m3 m2
CARNIVORE Canis
P4 m1
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
Limnocyon (creodont) Oxyaena (creodont)
Carnivore
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
Limnocyon (creodont) Oxyaena (creodont)
Carnivore
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
Upper dentitions occlusal view
lateral view
Felidae Hyaenidae Canidae Mustelidae Ursi
dae Miacidae
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
Upper dentitions occlusal view
lateral view
Felidae Hyaenidae Canidae Mustelidae Ursi
dae Miacidae
P4 Upper carnassial
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CARNASSIAL TEETH
Upper dentitions occlusal view
lateral view
P4 Upper carnassial
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ORDER CARNIVORA -- stem carnivores Family
Miacidae ( Viverravidae) Late Paleocene
Eocene (North America Eurasia)
3 1 4 3 3 1 4 3
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Vulpavus
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CARNIVORES (Orders Creodontia
Carnivora) Temporal distribution and phylogenetic
relationships
Stem carnivores
Caniformes
Feliformes
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Carnivore Molecular Phylogeny
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Suborder
Caniformia Family Canidae dogs,
wolves, etc. Subfamily
Borophaginae hyaena-like dogs
Family Amphicyonidae bear-dogs
Family Ursidae bears, giant
panda Family Ailuridae
red panda Family Mephitidae
skunks Family Procyonidae raccoon,
etc Family Mustelidae weasels,
etc. Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals Suborder
Feliformia Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae civits
Family Herpestidae mongooses
Family Eupleridae Malagasy
carnivores Family Nimravidae
false cats Family Felidae cats
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14 genera 34 species
3 1 4 1-2 3 1 4 2-3
38-42
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Canis lupus (gray wolf)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Amphicyonidae
bear-dogs Late Eocene
- Miocene
Hesperocyon Amphicyon
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Family Canidae Subfamily Borophaginae
hyaena dogs
Borophagus Epicyon
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Hypocarnivory Changes in the upper dentition
3 1 4 2
Canis Ursus Enhydra
3 1 3 2
3 1 3 1
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3 1 3-4 2 3 1 4 3
40-42
5 genera, 8 species (Eurasia, N S America)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Ursidae Arctodus simus
(short-faced bear) Pleistocene Holocene (CA.
12,000 ybp) North America
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Carnivore Molecular Phylogeny
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Ailuridae -- red
panda 1 species (Asia)
Ailurus fulgens
3 1 3 2 3 1 3 2
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Mephitidae -- skunks
stink badger 4 genera, 11 species
N S America, SE Asia


Mydaus Mephitis Spilo
gale
Conepatus
3 1 4 2 3 1 4 3
42
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6 genera, 18 species
3 1 3-4 2 3 1 3-4 2-3
36-42
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Mustelidae (weasels,
badgers, otters,
martens, wolverine) 22 genera, 56
species (worldwide except Australia)
3 1 2-4 1 3 1 2-4 1-2
28-38
Meles
Taxidea Gulo
Eira
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Family Canidae
dogs, wolves, etc. Family Ursidae
bears, giant panda Family
Ailuridae red panda
Family Mephitidae skunks Family
Procyonidae raccoon, etc Family Mustelidae
weasels, etc. Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae
civits Family Herpestidae mongooses
Family Nimravidae false
cats Family Felidae cats
PINNIPEDS Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Suborder
Caniformia Family Canidae dogs,
wolves, etc. Subfamily
Borophaginae hyaena-like dogs
Family Amphicyonidae bear-dogs
Family Ursidae bears, giant
panda Family Ailuridae
red panda Family Mephitidae
skunks Family Procyonidae raccoon,
etc Family Mustelidae weasels,
etc. Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals Suborder
Feliformia Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae civits
Family Herpestidae mongooses
Family Eupleridae Malagasy
carnivores Family Nimravidae
false cats Family Felidae cats
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CARNIVORE GROUPS (former Suborders)
PINNIPEDIA FISSIPEDIA
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ODOBENIDAE OTARIIDAE PHOCI
DAE
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Carnivore Cladogram (morpholgy)
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Carnivore Molecular Phylogeny
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7 genera, 14 species
3 1 4 1-3 2 1 4 1
34-38
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1 species
1 1 3 0 0 1 3 0
18
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• genera
• 19 species

2-3 1 4 0-2 1-2 1 4 0-2
26-36
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CARNIVORES (Orders Creodontia
Carnivora) Temporal distribution and phylogenetic
relationships
Stem carnivores
Caniformes
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CARNIVORE CLASSIFICATION ORDER CREODONTA
(extinct) Family Oxyaenidae
Family Hyaenodontidae ORDER
CARNIVORA Family Miacidae
stem carnivora Suborder
Caniformia Family Canidae dogs,
wolves, etc. Subfamily
Borophaginae hyaena-like dogs
Family Amphicyonidae bear-dogs
Family Ursidae bears, giant
panda Family Ailuridae
red panda Family Mephitidae
skunks Family Procyonidae raccoon,
etc Family Mustelidae weasels,
etc. Family Otariidae fur
seals Family Odobenidae walrus Family
Phocidae seals Suborder
Feliformia Family Hyaenidae
hyaenas Family Viverridae civits
Family Herpestidae
mongooses Family Eupleridae Malagasy
carnivores Family Nimravidae
false cats Family Felidae cats
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3 genera, 4 species
3 1 3 1 3 1 2-1 1-2
28-32
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20 genera, 34 species
3 1 3-4 1-2 3 1 3-4 1-2
32-40
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20 genera, 34 species
3 1 3-4 1-2 3 1 3-4 1-2
32-40
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Eupleridae
Malagasy Herpestids (subfamily Galiniinae)
Galidea
Salanoia
Galidictis
Mungotictis

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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Eupleridae
Malagasy viverrids (subfamily Euplerinae)
http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Cryptopr
octa_ferox/Cryptoprocta_ferox_06.html?movietypewm
Med
Cryptoprocta (Fossa) Fossa
(Malagasy civet) Eupleres (Falanouc)
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19 genera 36 species
3 1 2-3 1 3 1 2 1
28-30
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Hypercarnivory Changes in the upper dentition
3 1 4 1-2 3 1 4 2-3
38-42
Canis Mustela Puma
3 1 2-4 1 3 1 2-4 1-2
28-38
3 1 2-3 1 3 1 2 1
28-30
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Hypercarnivory Changes in the lower dentition
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae (true cats) --
extinct taxa Pleistocene lions
Panthera leo spelaea (Eurasian cave lion)
Panthera leo atrox (American lion)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae (true cats) --
extinct taxa Extinct cheetahs cheetah-like
cats
Acinonyx pardinensis (Eurasian cheetah)
Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah)
Miracinonyx trumani (American cheetah)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae (true cats) --
extinct taxa Machairodoninae
saber-tooth cats
Felinae Conical-toothed cats
Smilodon Dinofelis Machairodus
3 1 2 0-1 3 1 2 1
26-28
Pseudailurus Miracionyx Cheetah like cat
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3 1 3 1 3 1 2 1
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3 1 2 1 3 1 2 1
28
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Saber-toothed cats Nimravid Felid Convergence
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae (true cats)
mtDNA sequences