AATK 14th Annual Conference

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A Case Study Teaching Hanja in L2 Korean Classes
and Its Study Aid Program
AATK 14th Annual Conference June 25 27 2009
Youngsook Kim Kwangjo Kim
Defense Language Institute
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Table of Contents

• Rationales for Teaching Hanja in KFL
• Hanja Requirement in DLI Korean Program
• A List of Hanja Characters to Teach
• Appropriate Time to Teach Hanja
• Methods to Teach Hanja
• Summary
• SK Vocabulary Study-Aid Program

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Rationales for Teaching Hanja in KFL (1)

• Actual use in Authentic texts
• ??? ?? ?? ????? ?.? ?? (???? 2009. 5. 27)
• ???? ? ??? ?? ?? (???? 2009. 5. 27)
• ? PSI ?? ? ??? ? ??? 2? ??? ?? (???? 2009.
  5. 27)
• ?WC-135 ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? (???? 2009. 5.
  27)
• ???, ?????? ???? ??? ?? (???? 2009. 5. 27)
• ???, ?? 12?? ? ?? ?? (???? 2009. 5. 27)

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Rationales for Teaching Hanja in KFL (2)

• Sino-Korean Vocabulary Enhancement
• Connect meanings of Sino-Korean morphemes with
  Hanja characters graphic nature
• Humans acquire words first and then, as their
  vocabulary increases, the mind is forced to set
  up systems which keep the words well organized
  for retrieval. (Lado, 1990).

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Rationales for Teaching Hanja in KFL (3)

• The human lexicon is believed to be a network of
  associations a web-like structure of
  interconnected links (Aitchison, 1987).
• The mind contains a network of verbal and
  imaginary representations for words. When
  learners make an image of the yet-to-be-learned
  word, the possibility for later recall is much
  greater than if they only make verbal links.
  (Clark and Paivio, 1991 Paivio, 2006)

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Hanja Requirement in DLI Program (1)

• Should be able to read and translate 150-200
  common Hanja characters.
• Should know the basics of the etymology of these
  characters and be able to find the most
  frequently used Hanja characters in a Korean
  hardcopy dictionary.

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Hanja Requirement in DLI Program (2)

• Should know how to recognize common compound
  nouns, know how these compounds are normally
  abbreviated, and be able to look up their
  meanings.
• Should be able to demonstrate how these
  characters relate to spoken Korean.

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A List of Hanja Characters to Teach (1)

• 1,800 Basic Hanja by Ministry of Education
• Allocation of Basic Hanja characters by ?????????
• Level 8 50
• Level 7 150
• Level 6 300
• Level 5 500
• Level 4 1,000
• Level 3 1,817

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A List of Hanja Characters to Teach (2)

• DLI Textbook 5,965 Basic
  58,437 Corpus
• ? 76 63 613
• ? 67 46 423
• ? 67 33 342
• ? 66 58 629
• ? 65 20 399
• ? 61 50 572
• ? 54 36 323
• ? 50 18 234
• ? 49 58 562
• ? 48 24 227

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A List of Hanja Characters to Teach (3)

• ? 1 1 110
• ? 1 1 12
• ? 1 3 17
• ? 1 2 67
• ? 1 1 24
• ? 1 2 74
• ? 0 0 25
• ? 0 0 20
• ? 0 2 31
• ? 0 0 9

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Appropriate Time to Teach Hanja

• Syllabi of DLI Korean Program
• 1st Semester 21 week, 6 hour a day
• 1,324 words, SK words 681 (51.4)
• 2nd Semester 21 week, 6 hour a day
• 1,135 words, SK words 793 (69.7)
• 3rd Semester 21 week, 6 hour a day
• 3,717 words, SK words 3,068 (82.5)
• Introduce 10-15 Hanja per Unit after 1st
  semester 150 Hanja, 13 Units
• Hanja occurring in SK words in the text

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Methods to Teach Hanja (1)

• Types of Hanja Graphic nature of meaning and
  sound
• Basic-form Hanja ?, ?, ?
• Semantic compound Hanja ?, ?
• Semantic-phonetic compound Hanja ?, ?
• Structure of Hanja Basic components
• Meaning parts Radicals and others
• Phonetic parts Semantic-phonetic compounds
• Conventionalized and stylized shapes

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Methods to Teach Hanja (2)

• Teaching Tips
• Hanja structure Limited number of basic
  components
• Graphic etymology Radical, meaning, sound
• Develop personal mnemonic devices
• Recall learned SK words containing the Hanja
• Introduce SK words containing the Hanja to be
  learned
• Additional basic SK words containing the Hanja

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? ? study school -logy, studies

• Composition ?(?) two hands ?(?) objects
  ?(?) roof, house ?(?) child.

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? ? home family, clan specialist, -er

• Composition ?(?) roof, house ?(?) pig
• Note Pigs ?(?) were important animals in
  ancient China, and they were kept in the house
  ?(?) roof where people lived. The original
  meaning is a family living together with livestock

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? ? educate, teach religion

• Composition ?(?) phonetic filial piety ?(?)
  meaning hit
• Note ? is a combination of ?(?) hit, ?(?)
  child, and the phonetic ?(?) cross exchange
  or one of ?(?(?) filial piety and ?(?) hit,
  whip.

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? ? big, great

• Note ?(?) is a stick figure of a person standing
  with arms and legs spread, used to write a word
  meaning large, great.

18
? ? birth, life growth raw pupil

• Note ?(?), a drawing of a grass shoot to
  symbolize growth, was used to write a word
  meaning variously come to live grow live, and
  also bear birth life. Extended meanings
  include come/bring into existence of inanimate
  or abstract things, as well as fresh, raw
  creature, pupil.

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? ? thing, matter, article

• Composition ?(?) ox ?(?) phonetic do not!
• Note ?(?) may have originally been related to
  pied oxen, but it developed the very abstract
  sense of thing. Apparently oxen epitomized the
  notion of things.

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? ? heart mind soul core affections,
intentions, nature

• Note ?(?) represented a heart. It is most often
  used for its derived meanings in the area of
  mind, spirit, psyche, feeling center.

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?(?) educate, teach religion (Unit 10 Ch. 40)

• Radical ? (?) hit
• Composition ?(?) filial piety phonetic ?(?)
  hit meaning
• Note ? is a combination of ?(?) hit, ?(?)
  child, and the phonetic ?(?) cross exchange
  or one of ?(?) filial piety and ?(?) hit,
  whip.
• ?(?), ?(?), ?(?/?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?)
• ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?),
  ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?)

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?(?) educate, teach religion (Unit 10 Ch. 40)

• SK compounds already learned
• ??(??)(5) classroom, teaching room
• ??(??)(8) church, teaching, religion
  gathering
• SK compounds to be learned
• ???(???)(40) textbook, teaching category
  book
• ??(??)(40) teacher, teaching teacher, master
• ??(??)(40) professor, teaching give
• ??(??)(40) education, teaching raise

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?(?) educate, teach religion (Unit 10 Ch. 40)

• Additional SK compounds to be learned
• ????(????) home tutor, home courtyard
  teaching master
• ??(??) culture, education, teaching raise
• ???(???) educational expenses, teaching
  educate expenditure
• ???(???) educator, teaching educate -er
• ??(??) teaching material, teaching material,
  stuff
• ??(??) teaching profession, teaching
  profession
• ??(??) instruction, edification, teaching
  instruct
• ????(????) college professor, big school
  college teaching give professor
• ???(???) religious, lineage religion
  adjectival suffix

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• Radical itself , variants ?(?), ?(?)
• Composition Basic pictograph of a heart
• Note ?(?) represented a heart. It is most often
  used for its derived meanings in the area of
  mind, spirit, psyche, feeling center. The
  variants are ?(?), ?(?).
• ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?),
  ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?),
  ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?),
  ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?)

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• ?(?) ?(?), ?(?)
• ?(?) ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?), ?(?),
  ?(?), ?(?)
• SK compounds already learned
• ??(??)(6) lunch, point heart
• ??(??)??(23) careful, operate mind
• ???(??-)(40) enthusiastically, hot heart
  enthusiasm

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• SK compounds to be learned
• ??(??)(45) interest, concern, concern, relate
  heart
• Additional SK compounds to be learned
• ??(??) determination, resolution, decide mind
• ??(??) ones heart, feeling, heart situation,
  information
• ??(??)?? be relieved/at ease, feel
  safe, peaceful heart

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• ???(???) concerns, interests, concern heart
  interest matter
• ??(??) center of a city, metropolis heart
• ???(???)?? nonchalant, not having concern
  heart interest
• ??(??) psychology, mind reasoning
• ??(??) heart (organ), heart body organ

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• ??(??) conscience, virtuous, good heart
• ??(??) greed, greedy heart
• ??(??)?? suspect, be suspicious, question
  mind do
• ???(???) pride, self-confident, self bear
  mind
• ???(???) pride, self-esteem, self respect
  mind

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?(?) Heart mind core affections, intentions
(Unit 12 Ch. 45)

• ??(??) center, core, middle core, heart
• ??(??) true heart, true heart
• ??(??) kernel, core, kennel core
• ???(???) curiosity, like marvel mind

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Summary

• Incorporate Teaching 150 basic Hanja characters
  into existing curriculum starting at intermediate
  level.
• Analyze Hanja characters into components of
  meaning, sound, and conventionalized forms with
  mnemonic devices.
• Introduce Hanja characters occurring in
  Sino-Korean words to be learned in the chapter.

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SK Vocabulary Study-Aid Program

• Demonstration