Presentations involving slides

1

• Presentations involving slides

• The following file exemplifies
• Title slides
• Using figures to complement text.
• Placing citations within slides (they should be
  subtle and not distract the audience from the
  content)
• Full citations at the end of a presentation
  (given this slide, anyone should be able to find
  all of the source material you used in preparing
  your presentation
• Acknowledgments (help received in preparation of
  the presentation)
• It does not exemplify the topic of your
  presentation or the number of slides you should
  use

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The Truth Behind Wing-SongTesting the
good-genes theory in Drosophila melanogaster.

• Modified from presentation given by
• Larry Cabral
• Research Methods in Biological Sciences, Bio 220
• CSU, Sacramento

3
Introduction

• Good-Genes Theory
• Females chose males based on their genetic
  quality (Anderson 1994).

4
Introduction

• Secondary Sex Traits
• are sensory displays that raise the success of
  the possessor in competition over
• mates (Anderson 1994).

5
Introduction

• The Thesis Project
• is a good-genes theory test that focuses on
  wing-song.

6
Introduction

• Apply a thermal stress
• Net reproductive rate
• Compare populations

7
Introduction

• Honest Signal
• The wild-type population will evolve thermal
  tolerance quicker then the nubbin population.

• Dishonest Signal
• There will not be a significant difference in
  the rate of evolving thermal tolerance between
  the populations.

8
Introduction

• Sensory Bias
• Traits are favored because they already fit an
  existing sensory bias in females
• (Ryan 1990).

9
Introduction

• Chase-Away Theory
• Females evolve resistance to courtship due to
  male induced harm
• (Holland and Rice 98).

10
Introduction

• Hypothesis
• There will not be a significant difference in the
  rate of evolving thermal tolerance between the
  populations.

11
Materials Methods The Fruit Fly

12
Materials Methods

• Samples
• Vail Seven males and seven females
• Replicate 15 vials
• Population Four replicates

13
Materials Methods

• Subsequent Generations
• After laying eggs adults are cleared
• Vials placed Into incubator
• After 14 days adults are collected and counted.
• Assign mates

14
Materials Methods

• Environment
• 12 hour photo period
• The first four generations at 25C
• Remainder of experiment under thermal protocol

15
Materials Methods

• THERMAL PROTOCOL (Holland 2002)

16
Materials Methods

• Food
• Shelf-life of four weeks
• Food prepared for every generation.

17
Materials Methods

• Statistical Analysis
• SPSS 11.0 Software
• Two-tailed t-test
• Alpha Risk Level of .05

18
Materials Methods

• Time
• 26 Generations
• At least one year to complete

19
Materials Methods

• Location
• California State University, Sacramento
• Sequoia Hall
• Basement
• Room 38

20
References

• Anderson, M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton
  Univ. Press,
• Princeton, NJ.
• Ashburner, M. 1990. Drosophila a laboratory
  handbook. Cold
• Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring
  Harbor, NY.
• Basolo, A. L. 1990. Female preference predates
  the evolution of
• the sword in swordtail fish. Science
  250808180.
• Bateman, A. J. 1948. Intra-sexual selection in
  Drosophila. Heredity
• 2349368.
• Chapman, T., L. F. Liddle, J. M. Kalb, M. F.
  Wolfner, and L.
• Partridge. 1995. Cost of mating in
  Drosophila melanogaster females
• is mediated by male accessory gland
  products. Nature 373
• 241244.
• Endler, J. A., and A. L. Basolo. 1998. Sensory
  ecology, receiver
• biases and sexual selection. Trends Ecol.
  Evol. 13415410.
• Enquist, M., and A. Arak. 1993. Selection of
  exaggerated male
• traits by female aesthetic senses. Nature
  361 446-448.
• Fowler, K., and L. Partridge. 1989. A cost of
  mating in female
• fruit flies. Nature 338760761.
• Holland, B., and W. R. Rice. 1998. Chase-away
  sexual selection

• Kirkpatrick, M. 1987. Sexual selection by female
  choice in polygynousanimals. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
  Syst. 184370.
• Krebs, J. R., and N. R. B. Davies, 1993. The
  Design of Signals Ecology and Evolution, Pp.
  349374 in An Introduction to Behavioural Eco-
  logy Behavioural Ecology (Third Edition).
  Blackwell, Oxford, U.K.
• Moller, A.P. 1988. Female choice selects for
  male sexual tail
• ornaments in the monogamous swallow.
  Nature 332 640-642.
• Partridge, L. 1980. Mate choice increases a
  component of offspring
• fitness in fruit flies. Nature 283290291.
• Petrie, M. 1994. Improved growth and survival of
  offspring of peacocks
• with more elaborate trains. Nature
  371598599.
• Ritchie, M. G., M. Saarikettu, S. Livingstone,
  and A. Hoikkala. 2001.
• Characterization of female preference
  functions for Drosophila
• montana courtship song and a test of the
  temperature coupling
• hypothesis. Evolution 55721727.
  
• Ryan, M. J. 1990. Sexual selection, sensory
  systems, and sensory
• exploitation. Oxf. Surv. Evol. Biol.
  7156195.
• Schaeffer, S. W., C. J. Brown, and W. W.
  Anderson. 1984. Does
• mate choice affect fitness? Genetics
  107S94.
• Welch, Allison, R. D. Semlitsch, and K. Carl
  Gerhardt. 1998.
• Call duration as an indicator of genetic
  quality in male gray
• tree frogs. Science 280 1928-1930.

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Image Sources

• Calendars.com
• www.calendars.com (accessed 2/2/06)
• California State University, Sacramento
• http//www.csus.edu/physics/ (accessed 2/2/06)
• http//www.csus.edu/indiv/h/hollandb/ (accessed
  2/2/06)
• Genesee Scientific
• https//www.geneseesci.com/ (accessed 2/2/06)
• Google Images
• http//images.google.com/images?qfruitflies,hl
  enlrsaNtabwisourceidtipimg (accessed
  2/2/06)
• University College London
• http//www.ucl.ac.uk/ucbtcee/flies/Linda_Partridg
  e.html (accessed 2/2/06)

22
Acknowledgments

• Biff Bojangles Lab mate, counted flies
• Eric Cartman Moral support, wedgies