Thoughts on Sensing Systems and Workshop Overview

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Thoughts on Sensing Systemsand Workshop Overview

• Stephen B. Wicker

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The Sensor Revolution

• 1990s - DARPA/ISAT study on sensor networking
  technology
• Emphasis on bio agents
• 1000 lb. sensors the size of refrigerators
• Significant human interface
• 2000
• Intel develops/takes over iMotes
• NSF SENSOR program
• NSF Nets NOSS program
• etc

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Stage 1 - Sensor Networking Technology

• Driving Applications
• Protecting urban infrastructure (ultra long
  lifetime)
• Disaster response (rapid deployment)
• Home environment (?)
• Vision Large numbers of tiny sensors
  embedded/distributed at random.
• Autonomous
• Self-configuring
• Low-Power
• Highly redundant

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Low-PowerSensor Platform Technologies - SNAP

• Sensor Network Asynchronous Processor
• Event Driven Execution
• Default state of the processor waiting ideal
  for sensor platform
• No switching activity in this state
• No dynamic power dissipation
• Wake up triggered by event arrival
• Clockless logic
• Spurious signal transitions (wasted power)
  eliminated
• Hardware only active if it is used for the
  computation
• Prof. Rajit Manohar, ECE

Processor Bus Year E/op Ops/sec
Atmel 8 200? 1-4 nJ 4 MIPS
StrongARM 32 200? 1.9 nJ 130 MIPS
MiniMIPS 32 1998 2.3 nJ 22 MIPS
Amulet3i 32 2000 1.6 nJ 80 MIPS
80C51 (P) 8 1998 1 nJ 4 MIPS
Lutonium 8 2003 43 pJ 4 MIPS
SNAP 16 2003 24 pJ 28 MIPS
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Self-Configuration Mechanism Design

• Motivations efficiency and scalability
• Efficiency ability of market-based distributed
  control mechanisms to move complex networks
  toward optimal operating points.
• Scalabilitydistributed decision-making inherent
  in market settings.
• Interaction and decisions are local, obviating
  the need for a global perspective (which is both
  memory- and computationally-intensive).
• Critical Tools Equilibrium concepts,
  utility-based decision making, and bargaining.
• Wicker (ECE), Tardos and Halpern (CS), Blume and
  Easley (Economics)

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Competing for Resources
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Fundamental Results to date

• Networks with selfish nodes have stable operating
  points.
• Nash equilibria of the one-shot random access
  game have been completely characterized.
• All optimal solutions are supported by a game
  theoretic solution.
• Convergence rate of asymptotic packet arrival
  distribution has been characterized.
• Convergence rate of asymptotic channel throughput
  has been characterized.

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Stage 2 - Research in Sensing Systems
Application Driven
Mission-Level Decision Making
semantics
Research Context
Critical Variables
syntax
Sensed Environment
Technology Driven
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Our Resources Network Technology, Theory, and
Science at Cornell

• Cornell Expertise in Technology, Theory, and
  Science
• Sensor Technologies
• Novel Power Sources
• Ultra Low-Power Sensor Platforms
• Sensor-Specific MAC Technologies
• Advanced Reachback Technologies
• Infrastructure Integration and Protection
• Mechanism Design and Self-Configuration
• Information-Theoretic Networking and Coverage
  Models
• Advanced Operating Systems
• Software Tools/Reporting Mechanisms
• Security and Information Assurance
• Societal Impact of Ubiquitous Sensing in the
  Public Arena
• Privacy Issues
• Novel work often lies in horizontal and vertical
  integration - research at the seams.

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The Workshop

• 1230 1250 Stephen Wicker Models for
  Research in Sensed Systems
• 1250 110 Phoebe Sengers - Co-Interpreting
  Sensor Networks
• 110 130 Lang Tong - Application Specific
  Sensor Networks
• 130 150 Geri Gay - Tools for Enhancing Social
  Navigation in Public Spaces
• 150 210 Kirsten Boehner - Opening the Frame
  of the Art Museum Technology Between Art and
  Tool
• 210 230 Tom ORourke - Resilience in Critical
  Infrastructure Networks
• 230 250 Break (buffer time)
• 250 310 Sergio Servetto - The Wave Field
  Synthesis Problem
• 310 330 Jim Turner - Overview of sensor types
  for different agents   
• 330 350 Tad Kaburaki - Lipid Bilayer Sensors
  (Fabrication)