9 Weeks Test Review

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9 Weeks Test Review
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Aristotle--- was the first to place living things
into categories according to where they lived and
if they had blood
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LINNAEUS

• Linnaeus--- the Father of Taxonomy He came up
  with the two word naming system called binomial
  nomenclature

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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

• Binomial nomenclature---the two word naming
  system (Genus species)

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TAXONOMY

• Taxonomy the science of how living things are
  classified

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YOU

• What is your scientific name? Homo sapiens
• What does it consist of? Genus and species
• How to write it correctly?Homo sapiens

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LEVELS

• List the major levels of classification from
  highest/broadest to lowest/most specific
• Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Spe
  cies
• Dumb king phillip chased old fat girl scouts

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DOMAINS

• 3 Domains and characteristics of each
• 1Archaea unicellular organisms that can live
  in harsh conditions Prokaryotes
• 2Bacteria unicellular organisms that are also
  Prokaryotes
• 3Eukarya unicellular and multicellular
  Eukryotes

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ANIMALS

• Characteristics of the animal kingdom Animals
  are multicellular many cells, heterotrophic
  (eat food), eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

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HYPOTHESIS

• Hypothesis a possible explanation for a set of
  observations or answer to a scientific question
• Will more chocolate chips make cookies taste
  better?

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Experiments

• Controlled experiment - An experiment in which
  only one variable is manipulated at a time

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Controlled Variable

• . Controlled Variable the variables that are
  not changed in an experiment

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Operational Variable

• Operational Variable how to measure a variable
  or define a term.

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Manipulated or Independent Variable

• 3. Manipulated Variable the only variable that
  is changed in an experiment ex chocolate
  chips!

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Responding Variable

• Responding Variable the factor that may change
  as a result of the manipulated variable EX - TASTE

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CLASSIFYING

• Classifying placing into groups based on
  criteria

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Observing

• Observation using your senses

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Types of Observations

• Quantitative vs. qualitative observations
  numbers vs no numbers

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Protists

• THE ODDS ENDS KINGDOM

Cilia---Hairlike structures Used for
movement/locomotion by some bacteria and protists
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Pseudopods

• Pseudo pods---false feet
• Used for movement/locomotion by Amoebas

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Flagella

• Flagellum--- long whip like structures
• Used for movement by Euglena

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DNA

• What is found in nucleus of cell? DNA the
  genetic material
• Where is genetic material of a bacteria cell
  found? Loose in the cytoplasm

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Virus

• 5. Draw and label the structure of a virus

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How Viruses Multiply
- Viruses

• Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin
  to multiply, leading to the quick death of the
  invaded cells.

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Virus

• How are viruses like parasites?they harm the host

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Bacteria Shapes

• Shapes of Bacteria---spirilla (spiral), Cocci
  (spherical), and Bacilli (rod-shaped)

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Sexual Reproduction

• Draw and explain conjugation Sexual reproduction
  in which genetic material is exchanged between 2
  parents. The offspring is more genetically
  different than those produced by binary fission

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Asexual Reproduction

• Binary Fission Asexual reproduction in which a
  cell splits and the offspring is identical to the
  parent

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Eukaryotic cells

• Animal Cells are which type? Eukaryotic cells
• What is their outer covering?cell membrane

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PRODUCER

• Producer An organism that is at the base of the
  food chain that makes their own food. THE
  PRODUCERS HAVE THE MOST ENERGY IN THE FOOD
  PYRAMID AND WEB!

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Consumers

• Consumer An organism that cannot make their own
  food and must eat producers or other consumers

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Definitions

• Prokaryotes no true nucleus
• Eukaryotes have a nucleus
• Autotrophs make their food (producers)
• Heterotrophs eat food (consumers

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Food Chain

• Food Chain shows the simple feeding
  relationship in a ecosystem

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Food Web

• Food Web the pattern of overlapping food chains
  in an ecosystem

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Energy Pyramid

• Energy Pyramid a diagram that shows how energy
  moves from one feeding level to another in a food
  web

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Biology

• Biology The study of living things

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CELLS

• Unicellular one cell
• Multicellular many cells

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Limiting Factor

• Limiting Factor any environmental factor that
  causes a population to decrease
• Examplesfood, water, living space, weather

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Biotic/Abiotic

• Biotic factor living things in the ecosystem
• Examples animals, plants
• Abiotic factor nonliving part of an ecosystme
• Examples rocks, water, sunlight

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Levels of Organization

• Organism one individual ex one prairie dog
• Population the same species ex all the
  prairie dogs in an area
• Community all the populations - ex all the
  dogs, rabbits, owls, etc
• Ecosystem all the biotic and abiotic parts ex
  animals, plants, weather, sunlight, rain, soil ex
  desert ecosystem

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Methods of Estimating Populations

• Direct Observation counting

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Indirect Observation

• Indirect observation counting nests or tracks

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Sampling

• Sampling - counting a small area and multiplying
  to get the large area

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Mark Recapture

• Mark Recapture catching and marking and
  releasing and recatching

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Consumers

• Carnivore meat eater
• Herbivore plant eater
• Omnivore eats plants and animals

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Chloroplasts in Plant Cells

• Where does photosynthesis take place? In plant
  cells in the chloroplasts
• What is the name of the green pigment?chlorophyll

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Plant Types

• Vascular vs. non-vascular plants Vascular plants
  have a tube like system for transporting
  materials and nonvascular do not.

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PHLOEM

• The tube in a vascular plant used for
  transporting food

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Xylem

• The tube in a vascular plant that is used for the
  transporting of water and minerals.

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Stop!

• Dormancy a period when an organisms growth or
  activity stops

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Germination

• When a plant begins to push out of the seed and
  grow

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Water Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
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Parts of a SEED
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Fruit

• The ripened ovary

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POLLEN

• Pollen is produced by seed plants and will later
  become sperm cells

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Seed Dispersal

• By wind
• By Water
• By organisms