ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

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ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

• ETHOLOGY

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BEHAVIOR

• OBSERVABLE RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI
• CAN BE ENDOGENOUS OR EXOGENOUS
• CAN BE INNATE OR LEARNED

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INNATE BEHAVIOR

• ADVANTAGES
• Perfect response first time
• No mistakes
• No time / effort wasted responding
• DISADVANTAGE
• Cannot be modified for different circumstances

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INNATE BEHAVIOR

• INSTINCT
• FIXED ACTION PATTERN
• IMPRINTING

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LEARNED BEHAVIOR

• ADVANTAGE
• Allows flexibility to adapt
• DISADVANTAGES
• Time / effort wasted in finding correct response
• Mistakes are made

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LEARNED BEHAVIOR

• LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION
• ( CLASSICAL CONDITIONING)
• Pavlovs dogs
• TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING
• ( OPERANT CONDITIONING)
• Skinners rats and chickens

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LEARNED BEHAVIOR

• HABITUATION
• OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
• INSIGHT LEARNING
• SYMBOLISM
• COGNITION - INTELLIGENCE

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FORAGING BEHAVIOR

• OPTIMIZES FEEDING
• MINIMIZE ENERGY EXPENDED
• MINIMIZE RISKS
• EXAMPLE
• HERDS, FLOCKS, SCHOOLS
• PACKS

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MATING BEHAVIOR

• SEXUAL SELECTION
• FEMALES DICTATE RULES OF MALE COMPETITION

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SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

• OPTIMIZE INDIVIDUAL FITNESS
• AGGRESSION / SUBMISSION
• DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES
• PECKING ORDERS
• TERRITORIALITY

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ALTRUISTIC SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

• HELPS OTHERS SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE AT EXPENSE OF
  INDIVIDUALS
• EXAMPLE HONEYBEES

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ANIMAL COMMUNICATION

• CHEMICAL PHEROMONES
• EXAMPLES female moths attract a mate
• ants mark trails
• queen bees control
  hive
• deer mark territories

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ANIMAL COMMUNICATION

• VISUAL
• EXAMPLE presenting and threat displa
• AUDITORY
• EXAMPLE mating calls, warning calls, territory
  songs
• TACTILE
• EXAMPLE licking, stroking, nuzzling, grooming

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ANIMAL MOVEMENT

• KINESIS
• EXAMPLE salamander under a rock is exposed
• TAXIS
• EXAMPLE moth comes to light at night
• MIGRATION
• EXAMPLE seasonal movement of birds