211 Species Interactions

1
21-1 Species Interactions

• Symbiosis close interactions between species

2
Predation

• The predator captures, kills, and consumes the
  prey.

3
Protection from Predators

• Camouflage

4
Mimicry

• Batesian a non-dangerous organism resembles a
  dangerous one

5

• Mullerian several dangerous organisms resemble
  each other

6

• Plants can defend themselves from herbivores.
• Physical defenses example spines
• Chemical defenses secondary compounds
  example nicotine
• cactus

7
Parasitism

• Parasites feed on but usually
• do not kill host
• Two Types
• Ectoparasites external
• Endoparasites internal
• leech
• tapeworm

8
Competition

• The use of the same limited resource by two
  species
• Competitive exclusion one species is eliminated
• Local example Trout
• Brook native
• Brown and Rainbow - introduced

9

• Character displacement anatomical differences
  resulting in niche differences
• Example
• Galapagos finches
• have slightly
• different beaks

10

• Resource partitioning species can coexist
  because each uses only part of the resources.
• Example 7 species of lizards live in slightly
  different habitats in the Dominican Republic

11
Mutualism

• Cooperative relationship
• Both species benefit
• Example
• Acacia Trees and Ants

12
Commensalism

• One species benefits.
• The other does not benefit and is not harmed.
• Example barnacles on whales