DERMAPTERA

1
DERMAPTERA (earwigs) GRYLLOBLATTODEA
(iceworms, rock crawlers) MANTOPHASMATODEA
(African rock crawlers)
2
Aquatic nymphs
Ovipositor lost
Plecoptera
Terrestrial nymphs
Silk glands
Embiodea(Embioptera)
No silk glands
Zoraptera
Dermaptera
prognathous head
Cerci modified to forceps
Cerci not modified
Grylloblattodea
Mantophasmatodea
?
Saltatorial hind legs
Orthoptera
Hind legs not saltatorial
Phasmatodea
3
Hexapod Orders
Dermaptera
Derma - skin, ptera - wing
Number of Species
gt1900
Common names
earwigs
Typical habitats
- fossorial - damp, dark
Distinguishing characteristics
- cerci - large forceps
Other features
- females show parental care
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Dermaptera - Cerci
5
Dermaptera - Parental Care
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Hexapod Orders
Grylloblattodea
Gryllo - cricket, blatto - roach
Number of Species
25
Common names
Iceworms, rock crawlers
Typical habitats
- near melting snow, litter in alpine forests
Distinguishing characteristics
-lack of cerci -wingless
Other features
-live in cold habitats -restricted to Northern
Hemisphere
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Grylloblattid - Habitat
8
Hexapod Orders
Mantophasmatodea
Manto - mantid, phasmato - stick insect
Number of Species
8
Common names
African rock crawlers, gladiators, heelwalkers
Typical habitats
-xeric, rocky habitat
Distinguishing characteristics
-wingless -enlarged arolium
Other features
-closest relative - Grylloblattodea -carnivores
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Mantophasmatodea - Distribution
Grylloblattids
Mantophasmatodea
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Mantophasmatodea - Distribution












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Mantophasmatodea - Predatory adaptations
Large eyes
Spines on forelegs
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Mantophasmatodea - Life cycle
Eggs hatch - juveniles develop in winter (wet)
months
Autumn rains (May)
Mating
Eggs laid in egg pod -resists desiccation
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Mantophasmatodea - Relationship to other
orthopteroid orders
Predatory adaptations (mantids)
Egg cases (roaches, mantids)
Wingless (grylloblattids)
Prolonged mating (phasmids)
Male eaten after mating (mantids)
Substrate communication (stoneflies)
Male much smaller than female (mantids)