Printing

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Printing
Name
A HenryTudor.co.uk Production
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Typography
The Graphical look at typefaces
Size of typefaces
All typefaces are measured in the POINT SYSTEM,
usually called pt . One point is equal in line
spacing to 0.351mm.
The standard size for most script writing is 12pt
and is known as a PICA. Writing for computer
screen communication, the sizes below 16pt should
be avoided to avoid reader eye strain. Up to 12pt
are known as Composition, 14 to 72pt are known as
Display, over 72pt are known as Headlines
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Eight point size Nine point size Ten point
size Twelve point size Fourteen point
size Sixteen point size Eighteen point
size Twenty point size Twenty-Four point
size Twenty-Eight point size Thirty-Two point
size Thirty-Six point size Forty point size
PICA
Minimum computer screen reading
Eighteen point size in Bold is the preferred
computer reading size
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Type Fonts
The Font , or Fount, is the style of
lettering/numbering. Computers contain most font
styles available, or are available as rub on
vinyl called lettraset.
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow the edges of the text to
line up, or follow a line.
Right
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow the edges of the text to
line up, or follow a line.
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow the edges of the text to
line up, or follow a line.
Left
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow the edges of the text to
line up, or follow a line.
Centre
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Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Printing Systems
Offset Lithographical printing
Ink Roller
Wetting solution
Plate Roller
Blanket Roller
Impression Roller
The image to be printed is transferred
photographically onto a cylindrical plate, the
plate is washed with a chemical that attracts ink
to the surface of the image. The wetting repels
ink away from other non-image areas, the plate is
then inked and pressed through a Blanket roller.
Because there is a transfer of images via the
third roller, the process is called Offset.
Paper feed Direction
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Letterpress
It must be in Mirrored image!
But!
The Image is raised above the non printing area
The Image is raised above the non printing area
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Flexography
The image is etched onto a flexible roller is
soft plastic. This is most used method of
printing en-mass, the speed is high the accuracy
good. The cost of changing images is small
compared to the print runs involved.
Image impression roller
Ink supply
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Gravure or Intaglio
Engraved impression roller
Ink Supply
Opposite of letterpress, the image is in relief,
engraved into the roller, the ink filling the
image recess. The excess ink is cleaned off the
roller, the paper then pressed onto the
impression roller.
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Silk Screen Stencil
Not always Silk, the screen can be made from thin
Polyester, Nylon even fine steel mesh. The image
is in the form of the mesh, the ink or paint, is
applied through the mesh, the rest being blocked
off.
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Variable Quality
Short runs
T-Shirts Posters
Stationery
High Quality
Screening
Batch
Letterpress
Mass production
Gravure
Processes
High Quality
Posters
High Quality
Packaging
Flexography
Offset Lithography
Mass production
Mass production
High Quality
Newspapers
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Colour
Single ink colour work relies upon the paper
colour
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Four colour mixing
Yellow
Magenta
Cyan
Black
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Spot the Pixel
Making colours by mixing dots of differing colour
together.
Purple
Red
Pink
All red
Red and White
Red and Blue
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Separating colours
The light sensitive film or ionised plate in a
scanner can be used to photograph a picture, pick
out only certain colours and then used in
separate printing processes to re-combine the
colours to produce a finished picture by mass
production.
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Print Alignment
The layering of images needs to be carefully
aligned, this is called registering. Mass
produced printing has strips of markings on the
paper edge, to locate with the machinery
alignment mechanism.
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Coatings
The resistance to the environment is very
important, a coloured sheet could be destroyed in
a damp atmosphere, colours could run together,
the paper could even dissolve.
Coating for paper or card can be applied in a
variety of methods, sprayed, dipped or rolled on.
The coating of plastic, varnish can give the
paper or card a high resistance against the
environment for which it has been designed. BUT
Some coatings may change colour with UV lighting.
Coatings
Coatings
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Coatings
A clear separate film of plastic can be applied
to a printed sheet, this will give a tough shiny
finish which is totally waterproof and scratch
resistant. Though relatively expensive it is used
mainly in the food packaging industry to protect
long shelf life products.
This process is called Laminating
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Embossing
Simply pressing the image either into the card
from the front or from the back to produce raised
or sunken effects. Some plastic materials
actually change colour with the stressing of the
presswork, this effect can be used to produce
lighter images.
Embossing
Embossing
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Nets
To mass produce a box, a template is not fast nor
accurate enough. A cutter the same shape should
be used, this cutter is called the DIE cutter. It
is very expensive but will produce many boxes
over its life-span.
This method of producing box nets is called Die
Cutting
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Even folding cardboard needs the creases mass
produced.
Cardboard has thickness and if it is folded too
sharply it will crack the outside surface!
Too sharp a corner
A rounded crease is needed using metal punches
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Fixing it Tog
ether
Double - sided tape or hot melt glue or even
Sonic welding to join the box together
The machines can even put the product inside for
you!