Gene analysis of Japanese and American Giant Salamanders

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Gene analysis ofJapanese and American Giant
Salamanders
AAST and Kokutaiji collaboration project
Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene
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The purposes
1. Research collaboration between the
Japanese and American high schools
2. Gene analysis of American giant salamander
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DNA map of mitochondria
NC
K
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The method of this research
DNA extraction
DNA amplification
Sequence
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AAST high school
Amplification of mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA
and 16S rRNA
Win
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Kokutaiji high school
Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the
12S rRNA fragment
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Comparison with genes of Japanese and Chinese
salamanders
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12S rRNA gene tree
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Our next question
Nucleotide substitution rate is just 0.1 in
the Japanese populations.
Evolutionary rate of genes is really slow? or
populations experienced a bottle-neck effect?
How about in American species?
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Japanese Giant Salamander
Andrias japonicus
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DNA music
Organism cells are filled with music
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The all pervasive principle of repetitious
recurrence governs not only coding sequence
construction but also human endeavor in music
composition.
Susumu Ohno
Ohno, S and Ohno, M Imunogenetics 24, 1986
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5
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Homeo box
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Salam. Hum.
1GAACTGGAAAGAGAATATGCGACAAACAAATTCATTACCAAGGACAA
ACGAAGAAGAATATCCGCAACTACAAGCCTCTCAGAGAGG 87
1GAACTTGAACGGGAATACGCCACGAATAAATTCATTACTAAGGACAAA
CGGAGGCGGATATCAGCCACGACGAATCTCTCTGAGCGG 87


96.8
1ELEREYATNKFITKDKRRRISATTSLSER 29
1ELEREYATNKFITKDKRRRISATTNLSER 29

Salam. Hum.
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Homeobox gene family
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HoxA13 forms a finger
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Hexamers within the salamander Hox region
GAACTG GAAAGA GAATAT GACAAA GAAGAA GAATAT GAANDD
/C
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?
?
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Hexamers within the human Hox region
salamander
human
GAACTT GAACGG GAATAC GACAAC GGAGGC GGATAT GRANDB
GAACTG GAAAGA GAATAT GACAAA GAAGAA GAATAT GAANDD
/C
/C
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