Metamaterials

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Metamaterials
Xiang Zhang, University of California, 2004
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Outline

• Introduction to Permittivity, Permeability and
• Refractive Index
• Strange Phenomena due to negative
• Refractive Index
• How to build Metamaterials
• Applications
• Summary
• Bibliography

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From Maxwell to Wave-Equation
with
(Dielectric Displacement)
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Refractive Index
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Frequency-Dependence of Permittivity
Plasma-Frequency
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Permittivity in Metals
No Spring-Constant, due to Free-Electrons
Transparent
Opaque
Klein/Furtak, Optik, p. 86
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Veselagos Idea
1964 Is there any Material with simultaneously
negative e and m ? No, but if
so, what would be the consequences?
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Classification of Materials
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Strange Phenonema I
Positive Refractive Index
Negative Refractive Index
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POV-Ray Simulation of a Glass filled with Liquid

• Empty Glass
• Filled with Water (n1.3)
• Filled with Meta-Water (n-1.3)

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View from Top on Water with n1.3
View from Top on Water with n -1.3
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Strange Phenomena II
Positive Refractive Index
Negative Refractive Index
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How to create Metamaterials
Need a Material with Negative e and m in the
Same Frequency Range
Thin Wires lead to Negative e
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Split-Ring-Resonators
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Examples
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Applications I
The perfect Lens
Near-Field Enhancement
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Nicholas Fang et al, Science, Vol. 308, no. 5721
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Summary

• e and m can both be negative
• One can create Materials with simultaneously
  negative e
• and m
• The refractive index of these Materials is
  negative
• This leads to various new physical effects
• There are several applications of the
  Metamaterials

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Bibliography

• V. G. Veselago, The Electrodynamics of Substances
  with Simultaneously Negative Values of e and m,
• Soviet Physics Uspekhi, Jan-Feb 1968, Vol. 10,
  Number 4, pp 509-514
• J.B. Pendry and D. R. Smith, Reversing Light
  Negative Refraction, Physics Today, Dec. 2003
• J.B. Pendry, Negative Refraction, Contemporary
  Physics, Vol.45, Number 3, pp 191-202
• Zhaowei Liu et al., Rapid growth of evanescent
  wave by a silver superlens, Appl. Phys. Lett.,
  Vol.83, Number 25
• J.B. Pendry, Refining the perfect lens, Physica
  B, 338 (2003), 329-332
• Ekaterina Shamonina, Die Herrschaft der Ringe,
  Physik Journal 5 (2006) Nr. 8/9
• J.B. Pendry und D.R. Smith, Metamaterialien,
  Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Oktober 2006
• Nicholas Fang et al., SubDiffraction-Limited
  Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens,
• Science Vol. 308 (2005) no. 5721, pp. 534 537
• G. V. Eleftheriades, K.G. Balmain,
  Negative-Refraction Metamaterials, Wiley 2005
• Klein, Furtak, Optik, Springer 1988
• R. A. Shelby et al., Microwave transmission
  through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed
  metamaterial,
• Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 78, Number 4 (2001)
• Oliver Scholz, Vortrag am Lehrstuhl für Optik,
  MPI für Optik, Information und Photonik, 28. Juni
  2004
• Stefan Bühler, Habilitationskolloquium, 9.
  Dezember 2004
• Max Born, Optik, Springer 1932
• Mark Fox, Optical Properties of Solids, Oxford,
  2001
• G.Dolling et al., Photorealistic images of
  objects in effective negative-index materials,
  Optics Express, Vol.14