PCV2 Vaccination Experiences from the field

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PCV2 Vaccination Experiences from the field

• Peter Irgang
• DVM, MBA
• Dr-Vet Die Tierärzte Jöss
• Austria
• www.dr-vet.at

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Overview

• History of PMWS in Austria
• Our experiences with diagnosis
• Farm Reports
• Summary

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History of PMWS in Austria

• First diagnosed in Austria in 2001 (published by
  Schmoll et. Al. 2002)
• First positive case confirmed in our practice in
  2002 (Univ. Vienna - Schmoll)
• Concept of a multifactorial disease
• Iceberg concept (Segales et. Al.)
• Using Madec Principles
• Use of vaccine since 2007 in sows and since 2008
  in piglets

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PMWS ???
Experiences with Diagnosis
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PMWS ???
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enlarged lymphnodes
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Giant cells with Inclusion bodies
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Interpretation of gross pathology results
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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PMWS Diagnostic - The Gold Standard
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Interpretation.. Histopathology IHC/ISH!
PMWS
PCR
PCR
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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InterpretationPCR and Serology!
FARM 1
FARM 2
FARM 3
FARM 4
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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Interpretation real time PCR!

• As herd diagnosis

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PCV2 transmission (oro-nasal)
PCV2 Infection (6-14 weeks - age - mainly)
Virus multiplication macrophages, antigen
presenting cells, epithelial und Endothelial
cells, others
Virämia
Systemic distribution
PMWS
Wasting Lymphadenopathy Thymusatrophy Interstitial
Pneumonia Hepatitis Interstitial Nephritis
(medium- to high load ofPCV2 virus in moderate
to high degree lesions in lymph nodes)
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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Iceberg Concept
Cell death
Death of the animal
Classical and serious disease
Inclusion bodies Changes in cell morphology
Clinical disease
Moderate disease
Virus replication
Asymptomatic Infection
Subclinical disease
Infection and Intrusion of Virus into body cells
Exposure
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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Reaction of cells
Reaction of the animal
PMWS
Sub-clinical PCV2 Infection
Iceberg Concept of PCV2 Infection
Courtesy of Prof. J. Segales
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Case study 1

• Nursery farm with enclosed finishing
• Every 8 weeks from 3 different farms 800 piglets
  with 4 weeks age all in all out
• From 4 weeks after starting the group pigs start
  caughting (dry caught) and diarrhea
• 5 10 of pigs waste
• Any AB treatment show little improvement

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Case study 1

• Diagnostic procedure
• Pathology of 3 pigs with acute symptoms
• Paired Serum samples of 20 pigs analysed for
  PRRSV, Influenza, PAR, APP, Mykoplasma Antibodies

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Case study 1 results

• massive interstitial pneumonia in all lungs of
  all animals
• 2 pigs PRRSV Ag positive (PCR lung)
• 1 pig Influenza Ag positiv (IF lung)
• BU 1pig lung Strept.suis Type 2
• All pigs Lawsonia and Serpulina neg.
• PCV2 in lymphnodes ISH - pos.

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Diagnosis

• Mixing of pigs from three different herds with
  the same health status but different serological
  status in relation to PRRSV and Influenza
• Clear clinical case of PMWS with heavy death loss

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Control strategy before vaccine availability
(2002)

• Stabilization of PRRSV and Influenza in all 3
  source farms, (if not possible change to one
  source)
• Hygiene and feed quality check in all farms
  (source and nursery).
• Piglets vaccination with PRRS live vaccine
  (Porcilis PRRSV)
• Madec Principles

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Results

• Death losses in nursery dropped down
  to 3 - 5
• Still some pigs in each bach with caught
  beginning 4 weeks after coming in
• Still singular PMWS cases confirmed

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Control strategy after vaccine availability (2008)

• Vaccination of piglets with Porcilis PCV2 at age
  of 3 weeks and 1 week after weaning
• Stop of vaccination of piglets for PRRSV
• Control measures for hygiene, feed and sow
  vaccination for PRRSV and Influenza stay the same

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Results

• Death loss dropped down to 0,5 1
• No caughting (only occasionally singular animals)
• Less tratments with AB in nursery (no systemic
  treatment)
• No PDNS cases in finishing herd

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Case study 2

• Farrow to finishing farm with 280 sows
• Batch farrowing every 3 weeks
• Vaccination for PPV-Ery, Influenza, PRRSV-KV
• Ferility of sows bad 15 25 returns (most
  irregular), abortions at 5 , still borns at 18
• Since some months more and more piglets show
  wasting starts from the age of 8 weeks on
• Wasting of 25 of the piglets per batch
• Treatments only partly succesful

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Case study 2

• Diagnostic procedure
• Pathology of 5 pigs with acute disease
• 5 Blood samples of piglets at the age of 4, 8, 12
  und 16 weeks

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Case study 2 Results

• Milky spots (small to medium grade) in all 3
  animals
• Massive pleuropneumonia and pericarditis in all
  animals
• 3 animals Mycoplsama Ag pos. (IF lung)
• 2 animals PRRSV pos. (PCR lung)
• Bacteriology 2 animals Streptococcus suis type
  2 3 animals Past. Mult. Tox. Pos. 1 animal
  Hämophilus parasuis pos.
• 1 animal Lawsonia pos.
• PCV2 In all animals ISH - pos. In lymph
  nodes
• Mycotoxins DON in Serum and bile significantly
  increased

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Results Mycotoxin analysis (ELISA
Immunoaffinity chromatography)
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Diagnosis(2004)

• High mycotoxin levels in feed (Sows and Piglets)
• Burden with Ascaris suum
• Lack of colostral immunity of sows and piglets
• Acute infections in nursery with PCV2, PRRSV,
  Strep. suis, Häm. parasuis etc.

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Control strategy before availabilty of PCV2
vaccine (2004)

• Improve feed quality (DON levels lower than 200
  ppb)
• Systematic treatment for Endoparasites
  desinfection procedure for worm eggs
• Stabilization of PRRSV in the sow herd by PRRSV
  Vaccination of sows (2 times per year with
  Porcilis PRRSV)
• Systematic treatment of secondary infections with
  Amoxicillin (3 week period)
• Madec principles

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Results

• Death losses dropped to 5 - 6 in nursery
• Still systematic treatment with Ammoxicillin for
  period of 3 weeks
• Still caughing in nursery
• Fertility in sows improved returns lt 10 -
  still abortions (5,6) in waves (every 3 months)
  and still born piglets (12)

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Further action

• Exact analysis of still borns and abortions
• Patholoy, Histology, PCR of 5 abortions
• Paired serum samples of 5 sows showing abortion
• Pathology of 5 pigs from nursery showing caughing
• Pathology, Histology, ISH, PCR

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Results

• Abortions Still born piglets
• Serum samples of sows show significant increase
  of IG in ELISA in all samples
• PRSSV neg in all fetuses
• PCV2 in 4 out of 5 abortions pos. in rt-PCR
• Nursery pigs
• Massive interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid
  depletioin, interstitial nephritis
• All pigs ISH - pos for PCV2
• No one pos for PRRSV
• 1 pig pos for Influenza H3N2
• APP PCR , Mykoplasma IF , PM -, Strep. Suis
  Type 2
• Mykotoxins (DON, Ochra, Afla) not detected in
  bile or feed

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Control strategy after availabilty of PCV2
vaccine (summer 2008)

• Vaccinate Sows in lactation for PCV 2
• Vaccinate Piglets at weaning (4 weeks) and 3
  weeks later with Porcilis PCV 2
• Sows have been vaccinated for Influenza already
  before!!
• Keep AB treatment in place

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Results

• Death losses dropped in nursery to 1,2
• Caughing stopped nearly (only occasionally)
  within first batch vaccinated
• Abortions dropped to 1, Stillborn dropped - no
  waves since then

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Summary

• Make am proper and safe diagosis of all invloved
  factors
• Make a plan for intervention
• Management issues
• Health issues (PRRSV, Influenza, Strep)
• Vaccine if used properly works very good
• Right time
• Healthy animals

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Management 1

• Birthweights low
• Insufficient colostrum intake
• Insufficient colostrum quality
• Litter equalisation to intense
• Continuous throughput in nursery
• Lack of hygiene
• Overstocking of crates
• Bad feeding management of nursery

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Management 2

• Mycotoxins or/and bacteria in feed
• Temperature fluctuations
• High Humidity (now heating)
• High Air throughput - draft
• Water drinkers
• Insuffincient rodent and fly control
• Endo- Ektoparasites

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Thank you for your attention !