GLOBE Urban Phenology Year: A preliminary report

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GLOBE Urban Phenology YearA preliminary report

• Rico Gazal, Mike White, Rob Gillies,
• Elena Sparrow and Leslie Gordon

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Introduction

• Urban areas tend to have warmer temperature than
  surrounding rural areas.
• High concentration of buildings, roads and
  artificial surfaces
• Heat island effect
• Studies suggested that heat island effect results
  in changing patterns of phenology

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Objective

• To determine the effect of the urban environment
  on the timing of leaf appearance of deciduous
  trees.

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Networking

• The GLOBE Urban Phenology Year (GUPY) project
  started its groundwork in September 2004
• Enlisted 12 cities in Asia, Europe, North America
  and Africa
• Workshops on budburst protocol

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Thermal Satellite Images
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Tokyo, Japan
Light/white color warmer in temperature
than dark/red color
Concentration of light/white color in the urban
area
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Bangkok, Thailand
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GLOBE Urban Phenology Year (GUPY) Project
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• GUPYs website http//www.gis.usu.edu/mikew/Urba
  n_Phenology/Urban_Phenology.v2.html

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Participation Criteria

• ONE city with population of at least 100,000
• ONE NATIVE DECIDUOUS tree species
• 10-20 GLOBE schools
• Monitor 10 TREES PER SCHOOL

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Mentoring Support

• Explanation of scientific rationale for
  campaigns.
• Assistance with species selection.
• Assistance with site selection.
• Suggestions for student inquiry projects related
  to urban phenology.

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Budburst protocol
Species selection
Site Selection
Tree Identification/ labeling
Web/ Internet data entry
Materials Tools Skills
Data Worksheet
Budburst monitoring
Tree location (GPS)
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What is budburst?
Tiny leaves emerging from inside the bud
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Example of budburst
Dormant bud
Budburst stage
First leaf stage
Photos courtesy of Prof. Mark D. Schwartz
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Budburst data

• Spring 2005
• Finland
• Senegal
• Thailand
• Kyrgyzstan
• Japan
• Alaska

• Spring 2006
• Philippines
• Jordan 2 cities
• Thailand - Bangkok
• Russia
• New York

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Methods
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• Download satellite images from
  http//glcfapp.umiacs.umd.edu8080/esdi/index.jsp

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• Determine the row/path or longitude and latitude
  of the city area

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• Select the type of sensor to download Enhanced
  Thematic Mapper (ETM )

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• Select the image to download, each number
  represents specific band or wavelength

THERMAL INFRARED BAND
1 Blue band 2 Green 3 Red 4 Near
infrared 5 Shortwave IR 7 Shortwave IR
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Calculation ERDAS Imagine

• Fractional cover (Fr) amount of vegetation
  cover detected from the satellite image
• Low Fr in urban areas

• Radiometric surface temperature temperature
  emitted by the objects on Earth
• High temperature in urban areas

• Impervious surface area (ISA) represents the
  land development on the landscape
• High ISA in urban areas

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Finland
City Jyväskylä Population 110K Species
Betula pendula
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Jyväskylä, Finland
Satellite image
Map
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Sites

• A North (2)
• B City center (6)
• C North of lake (2)
• D City, East side (4)
• E South, Island sites (3)

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ArcGIS

• Extract fractional cover and surface radiant
  temperature values for each tree

Trees
Site A North Side
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Results
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Date of budburst
Legend

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Surface temperature (oC)
Legend

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Fractional cover
Legend

A
C
B
D
E
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Summary

• Sites in the urban center had higher temperature
  and lower fractional cover (Fr)
• Urban sites had budburst 9 days earlier than
  the sites in northern part of Jyväskylä (17.5
  km)
• Further classification of the sites is needed
  e.g. distance to lakes, calculation of impervious
  surface area

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Acknowledgements

• Utah State University
• National Science Foundation (NSF)
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  (NASA)
• GLOBE country coordinators and GUPY participants

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GUPYs website
http//www.gis.usu.edu/mikew/Urban_Phenology/Urba
n_Phenology.v2.html