Child Development

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We Learn a Great Deal From the Classics

• Erik Erikson Jean Piaget
• (Stages of Psychosocial Development) (Model of
  Cognitive Development)
• Lawrence Kohlberg
• (Stages of Moral Development)

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Erik Erikson Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• Psychological drives and unconscious are
  important
• But social and environmental influences are just
  as important
• Each person goes through 8 stages with positive
  or negative outcomes

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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• What is a 1 year old like?
• Trust vs Mistrust (1st year)
• Is trusting in the world
• If environment satisfies a person's needs he/she
  will feel secure and trust people. If not,
  insecure not trust others

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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• What is a 1-3 year old like?
• Autonomy vs Doubt (1 - 3 years)
• Child attempting to become more independent
• Takes pride in doing things controlling things
• Toilet training is important
• Unable to control these functions by end of this
  stage doubt or shame
• If accomplished, feel capable and independent

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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• What is a 3 5 year old like?
• Initiative vs Guilt (3 - 5 years)
• Learning self control
• Child becoming curious and wanting to explore
  world
• If parents do not allow child to explore
• Lack of initiative to learn and explore the world
• When they do try and fail, they feel guilty for
  not being capable and living up to the standards
  of others

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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• What is a 6 11 year old like?
• Industry vs Inferiority (6 - 11 years)
• Excited and motivated about life
• Making new friends and trying to accomplish new
  tasks
• If they have trouble making friends they will
  feel inferior
• Need to feel confident that they can accomplish
  things on their own
• Feel industrious about themselves in the future

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Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development

• What are adolescents like?
• Identity vs Role Confusion (adolescents)
• Forming an identity and trying to answer "who am
  I
• If does not feel accepted by peers or no feelings
  of accomplishments
• Be confused about identity and role in life

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Jean Piaget Model of Cognitive Development
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Piaget the Model of Cognitive Development

• Prize scholar wonderful writer age 10
  published article on an albino sparrow at the
  park
• He said younger children are not dumber than
  adolescents they just think differently
• Piaget had 3 kids they were all studied
  extensively

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimot
or (Infancy)

• Infant is entirely tied to the present
• Responds to whatever stimuli available
• Does not remember one encounter to the next
• Gradually changes over 18-24 months

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperati
onal Thought (Childhood)

• Ages 2 7
• Mastery of symbols, especially language
• Uses mental images, imagination, symbolic logic
• Cannot conserve (thinks same amount of candy in
  different jars is the same)
• Has trouble with reversible thinking

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperati
onal Thought (Childhood)

• Preconceptual (Ages 2 4)
• Develops concepts that are not complete or
  logical
• Reason is dominated by perception
• Inability to consider more than one aspect of a
  situation
• Egocentric social communication

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentPreoperati
onal Thought (Childhood)

• Intuitive (Ages 4 7)
• Intuitive rather than logical solutions
• Many ADHD DX during this time
• Considers more than one aspect of a situation

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentConcrete
Operations (Middle Childhood)

• Age 7 11
• Uses logic to make sense of things
  relationships
• Has ability to conserve (knows its the same
  amount of candy in different jars)
• Develops understanding of numbers groups
  series
• Concrete rather than abstract thinking
• Reversibility to thought (flat clay can be
  reshaped as a ball)
• Develops empathy for anothers position
• Greater capacity for attention, concentration,
  memory

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Piagets Model of Cognitive DevelopmentFormal
Operations (Adolescence)

• Age 11 15
• Capable of abstract thought
• Has ability to deal with the hypothetical
• Can generalize thought, make inferences, use
  deductive reasoning
• Capable of flexibility creativity
• Develops higher levels of empathy idealism

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Lawrence Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development
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