Power System Fundamentals

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Power System Fundamentals

• ECE 0909.402.05
• ECE 0909.504.05 - Lecture 2
• 28 January 2002
• Peter Mark Jansson PP PE MScEng

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Aims

• the History of Electricity Technology Development
  
• Chapter 1 Mechanical and Electrical Fundamentals

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Tour Logistics

• Next Monday meet here at 830 a.m.

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History

• Early Development (1796 1838)
• First Chemical Battery Volta 1796
• Electric Arc Lamp Davy / Moyes 1801
• Early Transformer Schweigger 1811
• First Electromagnet Sturgeon 1825
• First E-M Induction Generator DC Faraday 1831
• Thin Rod Carbon Lamp Filament Jobart 1838

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History 2

• The First 100 Years (1840 - 1940)
• Six-pole reliable commercial generator 1840
• Subdivided iron core transformer 1850
• First self-excited dynamo patented 1855
• Iron wire replaced by copper for distribution
  1877
• First DC electric power system Pearl Street
  1879
• First AC generation/transf./transm. Design 1888
• Rotary Converters 1893

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History 3

• The First 100 Years (1840 - 1940) continued
• 2-3 phase transformers 1894
• OCBs invented 1897
• First load dispatchers office (NYC) 1903
• First AC transmission 60kV 200 miles 1905
• High voltage suspension insulator 1906
• First automatic electrical substation 1914
• First flourescent / neon tube lighting 1934

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History 4

• U.S. Shift from DC to AC
• 1890 90 DC
• 1897 62 DC
• 1902 39 DC
• 1907 28 DC
• 1942 1 DC

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Fundamentals

• The Power System
• What is it?
• Electric Machines
• Generators
• Motors
• Whats the difference?

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Fundamentals

• Prime Movers (World Electricity 1998)
• Fossil Fuel powered 62.8
• Hydro powered 18.8
• Nuclear fission 16.9
• Other 1.5
• OTHER includes geothermal wood and biomass

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Fundamentals

• Transformers
• What do they do?
• How efficient are they?
• Generators 13.8-24 kV
• Load Voltages Residential? Industrial?

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Fundamentals

• Transmission / Distribution Lines
• ROLE Minimize i2R losses in system
• Transmission 69, 138, 230, 500, 765 kV
• Distribution 4 - 34.5 kV (12-13.8 kV common)

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Fundamentals

• Loads and Customers
• Are they part of the electrical system?
• Most important loads
• Motors
• Lighting
• Electronic products

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Fundamentals

• Protective Devices
• Current, voltage, power sensors
• Relays
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• What roles do they perform?

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Common System Failures

• Overloads
• Demand exceeds safety level of equipment
• How or when might this occur?
• Faults
• Phase to ground
• Phase to phase
• Open phase

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Oldest Branch of ECE

• Units volts, amperes, ohms and watts
• SI and English units are used to this day
• Other key units for generation
• Angular Position (radians or degrees)
• Angular Velocity
• Angular Acceleration
• Torque
• Power

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Read Chapter 1

• HW Assignment 1
• Problems 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5

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Example Problem

• HW 1-2